A Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Sambucus nigra L. Reduced Lipid Peroxidation in a Rat Experimental Model of Gentamicin Nephrotoxicity

Abstract

The use of gentamicin (GM) is limited due to its nephrotoxicity mediated by oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of a flavonoid-rich extract of Sambucus nigra L. elderflower (SN) to inhibit lipoperoxidation in GM-induced nephrotoxicity. The HPLC analysis of the SN extract recorded high contents of rutin (463.2 ± 0.0 mg mL−1), epicatechin (9.0 ± 1.1 µg mL−1), and ferulic (1.5 ± 0.3 µg mL−1) and caffeic acid (3.6 ± 0.1 µg mL−1). Thirty-two Wistar male rats were randomized into four groups: a control group (C) (no treatment), GM group (100 mg kg−1 bw day−1 GM), GM+SN group (100 mg kg−1 bw day−1 GM and 1 mL SN extract day−1), and SN group (1 mL SN extract day−1). Lipid peroxidation, evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzymes activity—superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)—were recorded in renal tissue after ten days of experimental treatment. The MDA level was significantly higher in the GM group compared to the control group (p < 0.0001), and was significantly reduced by SN in the GM+SN group compared to the GM group (p = 0.021). SN extract failed to improve SOD, CAT, and GPX activity in the GM+SN group compared to the GM group (p > 0.05), and its action was most probably due to the ability of flavonoids (rutin, epicatechin) and ferulic and caffeic acids to inhibit synthesis and neutralize reactive species, to reduce the redox-active iron pool, and to inhibit lipid peroxidation. In this study, we propose an innovative method for counteracting GM nephrotoxicity with a high efficiency and low cost, but with the disadvantage of the multifactorial environmental variability of the content of SN extracts.

The Influence of Diet and Physical Activity on Oxidative Stress in Romanian Females with Osteoarthritis

“…Unfortunately, our results cannot be compared to data on human models because the majority of the studies are preclinical. The ratio GSH:GSSG is a better marker of oxidative stress compared to antioxidant enzymes from blood samples that can be consumed in redox reaction [ 54 ].…”

Crocus sativus L. Stigmas, Tepals, and Leaves Ameliorate Gentamicin-Induced Renal Toxicity: A Biochemical and Histopathological Study

“…GM-induced nephrotoxicity in rats may be prevented by using herbal extracts with antioxidant capabilities, according to the studies of Bazm et al and Khazaei et al [ 39 , 40 ]. Also, hydroxyl scavengers such as iron chelators have been shown to prevent GM-induced chronic renal failure [ 41 ]. Moreover, we have demonstrated in our previous article that the stigmas, tepals, and leaves of C sativus are rich in antioxidant molecules, have a strong antioxidant activity, an important metal chelating ability (fe 2+ and Cu 2+ ), and a significant DNA protective effect [ 42 ].…”

Antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory effects of genistein in Staphylococcus aureus induced osteomyelitis in rats

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