A flame-retardant densified wood as robust and fire-safe structural material

Fan, Chuangang; Gao, Yuxin; Li, Yuhao; Yan, Long; Zhu, Deju; Guo, Shuaicheng; Ou, Changhong; Wang, Zhengyang

doi:10.1007/s00226-022-01415-9

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…(d) Water T 2 distribution in the softened wood drying process. (e) The mechanical strength of the hydroplastic wood compared with other polymer-based stiffness-changing materials, , cellulose-based stiffness-changing materials, , and wood-based materials. ,,, (f) Schematic diagram of the forming process of the hydroplastic wood.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape and Stiffness Switchable Hydroplastic Wood with Programmability and Reproducibility

Zhang,

Chen

et al. 2023

ACS Nano

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape and Stiffness Switchable Hydroplastic Wood with Programmability and Reproducibility

Zhang,

Chen

et al. 2023

ACS Nano

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“…Flame-retardant interventions predominantly alter the timber surface or inherent chemical characteristics to attenuate its combustion rate and minimize heat release [59][60][61]. Scholars and industry experts have introduced various methodologies to bolster timber's resilience to fire [61][62][63][64][65]. One pivotal approach entails the utilization of specialized flameresistant surface coatings [66].…”

Section: Flame-retardant Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their exploration of hydrothermally treated timber's thermal degradation and fire resistance shed light on the underlying mechanisms reducing combustibility. Fan et al [63] developed a robust, flame-retardant structural timber that endures high-temperature fame attacks. Natural wood undergoes partial delignification, flame-retardant modification, and densification to obtain ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP)-densified wood.…”

Section: Flame-retardant Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contemporary Fire Safety Engineering in Timber Structures: Challenges and Solutions

Zang,

Liu,

et al. 2023

Fire

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As environmental conservation and sustainability gain prominence globally, modern timber structures are receiving increased focus. Nonetheless, the combustible nature of timber raises significant fire safety concerns. This review explores the recent advancements in fire safety engineering for timber structures, emphasizing both contemporary high-rise buildings and historical timber constructions. It covers topics like inherently safer design principles, fire risk prediction, and evacuation methodologies. The review emphasizes the criticality of selecting suitable materials, structural design, firefighting systems, and advanced sensor technologies for early fire detection. Additionally, we analyze and compares various evacuation strategies, offering insights into the challenges and future directions for fire safety in modern timber structures.

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“…According to several studies, wood densification significantly increases fire retardation [52][53][54]. The use of flame retardants in the densification process further increases the flame resistance of wood [55][56][57]. However, there are no scientific studies yet that provide relevant evidence on the extent to which wood density affects the combustion process of undensified wood treated with flame retardants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Spruce Wood Density on Selected Fire-Technical Parameters during Thermal Loading

Mitrenga,

Osvaldová,

Konárik

2023

Applied Sciences

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The paper evaluates the effect of spruce wood density on the parameters of mass loss and mass loss rate during exposure to thermal load. The intention was to determine whether the effect of density is still evident after the application of flame retardants to the test samples. Groups of samples with different densities under the same retardant treatment were compared. The differences in densities of the compared groups of samples were different for each flame retardant. Water-soluble flame retardants based on inorganic salts were used. For testing, a simple test method was used in which the samples were exposed to direct flame from a Bunsen burner. The results of the study are the findings of how wood density affects the burning process of the samples treated with flame retardants. Statistical evaluation of the experimental results shows a significant effect of wood density on the monitored parameters even when flame retardants are used. For a difference in sample densities of 244 kg·m−3, there was a density dependence of the mass loss rate, with the lower density samples having a higher mass loss rate (0.158%·s−1) over the whole experimental period compared to the higher density samples (0.077%·s−1). The ANOVA test also demonstrated the influence of density on the mass loss of the samples at the above density difference. At lower density differences (51 kg·m−3 and below), the effect of sample density on the observed parameters was no longer evident. The fire spread rate parameter was also investigated. Here, a linear correlation between the difference in sample densities and the difference in the values of the above parameter at high and low densities is observed with a reliability coefficient R2 = 0.99.

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A flame-retardant densified wood as robust and fire-safe structural material

Cited by 27 publications

References 62 publications

Shape and Stiffness Switchable Hydroplastic Wood with Programmability and Reproducibility

Shape and Stiffness Switchable Hydroplastic Wood with Programmability and Reproducibility

Contemporary Fire Safety Engineering in Timber Structures: Challenges and Solutions

Effect of Spruce Wood Density on Selected Fire-Technical Parameters during Thermal Loading

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