A First Record of Exserohilum rostratum as a New Pathogen Causing Bean Blight in Egypt.

Abstract

Seedling blight of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was recorded in bean fields at five different localities in Beni Sweif Governorate, Egypt. Symptoms appeared as green dark to purplish-brown spots, with brown margins. The affected plant leaves were collected for mycological analysis. Percentage of disease incidence were 30%, 25%, 22%, 15% and 35% in El-Wasta, Nasser, Beni Sweif, Sumosta and Beba counties respectively. Leaf samples were surface sterilized and cultured on potato dextrose agar. The growing fungi were identified on morphological as well as on molecular basis. Microscopic examination revealed that the isolated organisms have the same characteristics of Exserohilum rostratum (Drechsler) Leonard & Suggs. Among the 30 fungal isolates collected from the five bean plantations, a representative isolate was grown for DNA extraction, PCR and rDNA sequencing. Universal primers targeting ITS regions of the rDNA were used for PCR and sequencing. Results confirmed that the sequences of these fungi showed close relationship with E. rostratum with 99.6% -100% similarity. The obtained sequences were deposited in the GenBank with accession numbers MT075801, MT071830, MT071831, MT071832, and MT071834. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that E. rostratum strains were pathogenic showing the same disease symptoms previously observed on bean plants in the study areas. The minimum temperature for spore germination was 5 °C, the optimum temperature was 35 °C, and the maximum temperature was 50 °C. On the other hand, conidial germination was stopped at both lower (3 °C) and higher (55 °C) temperatures. Studying the host range of the fungus showed that the pathogen was able to attack tomato, pepper, squash and potato beside common bean and watermelon.

Natural Plant Extracts and Microbial Antagonists to Control Fungal Pathogens and Improve the Productivity of Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) In Vitro and in Greenhouse

“…The morphological identification was performed according to Matsushima [46 Macroscopic characteristics included color, growth rate, and colony features, whi microscopic characteristics including conidial size and shape were observed using microscope (Reichert-jung, Dexter, U.S. state of Michigan). Morphologic characterizations were completed as described in previous works [15,[47][48][49][50].…”

“…Zucchini plants grown in the field and under greenhouse conditions are usually infected by pathogens specific for Cucurbitaceae [9][10][11]. The most important among these pathogens are Exserohilum rostratum and Nigrospora lacticolonia [12][13][14][15], and fungal pathogens are considered as some of the most serious pathogens causing a significant reduction in date palm growth, production, and development [16][17][18]. Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum surviving in the soil environment as saprotrophic mycelium and chlamydospores are known to be pathogens of zucchini and other vegetables, causing plant decay due to the colonization of their underground organs [12,19].…”

“…Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum surviving in the soil environment as saprotrophic mycelium and chlamydospores are known to be pathogens of zucchini and other vegetables, causing plant decay due to the colonization of their underground organs [12,19]. The most important pathogens seem to be F. solani causing crown rot, F. oxysporum responsible for plant wilting, E. rostratum causing leaf spot and N. lacticolonia causing brown spot [13,15,20]. In recent years, researchers on biological control of fungal plant pathogens have placed much interest in increasing crop production by avoiding several problems linked to developing practices compatible with sustainable agriculture and chemical control.…”