A first near real-time seismology-based landquake monitoring system

Chao, Wei‐An; Wu, Yih‐Min; Zhao, Li; Chen, Hongey; Chen, Yue‐Gau; Chang, Jui-Ming; Lin, Ching-Yang

doi:10.1038/srep43510

Cited by 42 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The signals are only visible at frequencies > 1 Hz and a force history inversion is thus not possible as this method requires the record of long-period seismic signals resulting from the cycling unloading and reloading of the solid Earth by a moving mass (Fukao, 1995;Takei and Kumazawa, 1994). The high-amplitude short-period events lasted between a few seconds and a minute and have characteristics such as emergent onsets, slowly decaying tails, and triangularly shaped spectrograms that are indicative of slope failures (Norris, 1994;Dammeier et al, 2011;Burtin et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2013). We attribute these signals to smaller slope failures that occurred after the main landslide.…”

Section: Afterslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the Askja caldera July 2014 landslide, Iceland, from seismic signal analysis: precursor, motion and aftermath

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Landslide hazard motivates the need for a deeper understanding of the events that occur before, during, and after catastrophic slope failures. Due to the destructive nature of such events, in situ observation is often difficult or impossible. Here, we use data from a network of 58 seismic stations to characterise a large landslide at the Askja caldera, Iceland, on 21 July 2014. High data quality and extensive network coverage allow us to analyse both long- and short-period signals associated with the landslide, and thereby obtain information about its triggering, initiation, timing, and propagation. At long periods, a landslide force history inversion shows that the Askja landslide was a single, large event starting at the SE corner of the caldera lake at 23:24:05 UTC and propagating to the NW in the following 2 min. The bulk sliding mass was 7–16 × 1010 kg, equivalent to a collapsed volume of 35–80 × 106 m3. The sliding mass was displaced downslope by 1260 ± 250 m. At short periods, a seismic tremor was observed for 30 min before the landslide. The tremor is approximately harmonic with a fundamental frequency of 2.3 Hz and shows time-dependent changes of its frequency content. We attribute the seismic tremor to stick-slip motion along the landslide failure plane. Accelerating motion leading up to the catastrophic slope failure culminated in an aseismic quiescent period for 2 min before the landslide. We propose that precursory seismic signals may be useful in landslide early-warning systems. The 8 h after the main landslide failure are characterised by smaller slope failures originating from the destabilised caldera wall decaying in frequency and magnitude. We introduce the term “afterslides” for this subsequent, declining slope activity after a large landslide.

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Section: Afterslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the Askja caldera July 2014 landslide, Iceland, from seismic signal analysis: precursor, motion and aftermath

et al. 2018

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“…Those classes include signals produced by material bending, shearing, compression and creeping, brittle failure and fissure opening, slip at the bedrock interface and at the edges of the slide, rockfalls and debris flows. However, regional scale landslide monitoring with 25 a seismic network has only been attempted on a few occasions (Burtin et al, 2013; and the challenge persists to detect landslide signals in a continuous seismic data stream in real to near-real time (Dammeier et al, 2016;Manconi et al, 2016;Chao et al, 2017). But the inter-station distances of those networks are often too large to detect any precursory slope activity.…”

Section: Tremor As Early-warning Sign Of Landslide Failure 30mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the Askja caldera July 2014 landslide, Iceland, from seismic signal analysis: precursor, motion and aftermath

Schöpa¹,

Chao²,

Lipovsky³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Using data from a network of 58 seismic stations, we characterise a large landslide that occurred at the southeastern corner of the Askja caldera, Iceland, on 21 July 2014, including its precursory tremor and mass wasting aftermath. Our study is motivated by the need for deeper generic understanding of the processes operating not only at the time of catastrophic slope failure, but also in the preparatory phase and during the transient into the subsequent stable state.In addition, it is prompted by the high hazard potential of the steep caldera lake walls at Askja as tsunami waves created by 15 the landslide reached famous tourist spots 60 m above the lake level. Since direct observations of the event are lacking, the seismic data give valuable details on the dynamics of this landslide episode. The excellent seismic data quality and coverage of the stations of the Askja network made it possible to jointly analyse the long-and short-period signals of the landslide to obtain information about the triggering, initiation, timing, and propagation of the slide. The seismic signal analysis and a landslide force history inversion of the long-period seismic signals showed that the Askja landslide was a single, large event 20starting at the SE corner of the caldera lake at 23:24:05 UTC and propagating to the NW in the following 2 min. The bulk sliding mass was 7-16×10 10 kg, equivalent to a collapsed volume of 35-80×10 6 m 3 , and the centre of mass was displaced horizontally downslope by 1260±250 m during landsliding. The seismic records of stations up to 30 km away from the landslide source area show a tremor signal that started 30 min before the main landslide failure. It is harmonic, with a fundamental frequency of 2.5 Hz and shows time-dependent changes of its frequency content. We attribute the complex 25 tremor signal to accelerating and decelerating stick-slip motion on failure planes at the base and the sides of the landslide body. The accelerating motion culminated in aseismic slip of the landslide visible as a drop in the seismic amplitudes down to the background noise level 2 min before the landslide high-energy signal begins. We propose that the seismic signal of the precursory tremor may be developed as an indicator for landslide early-warning systems. The 8 hours after the main landslide failure are characterised by smaller slope failures originating from the destabilised caldera wall decaying in 30 frequency and magnitude. We introduce the term afterslides for this subsequent, declining slope activity after a large landslide.Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi

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“…Comprehensive investigation of the dynamic process of landslides not only has implications for their dynamics but also is helpful for assessing and managing catastrophic disasters (Ekström & Stark, ; Petley, ). Seismic signals are generated by landslides, as the slide mass accelerates, moves along the ground, decelerates to rest (Chao et al, ; Ekström & Stark, ; Fukao, ; Kanamori & Given, ; Takei & Kumazawa, ), and thus provide a potential way to remedy deficiencies of conventional observations (e.g., Allstadt, ; Chao et al, ; Deparis et al, ; Ekström & Stark, ; Gualtieri & Ekström, , ; Hibert et al, ; Schneider et al, ; Suriñach et al, ; Yamada et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chain‐Style Landslide Hazardous Process: Constraints From Seismic Signals Analysis of the 2017 Xinmo Landslide, SW China

Chen

et al. 2019

JGR Solid Earth

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Landslides generally involve rapid acceleration and deceleration of huge mass in just several minutes, and their unpredictability have made real‐time detections of their rapid processes difficult. Seismic signals generated by landslides provide an excellent opportunity to obtain the time‐dependent observations on landslide's processes. We invert the force‐time function by fitting long‐period seismic signals generated by Xinmo landslide on 23 June 2017, SW China, and determine three‐stage dynamic processes within 104‐s duration of this event. Constrained by the field observed runout distance, we deduce the landslide's mass of about 9 × 109 kg with corresponding maximum velocity and acceleration of 58.8 m/s and 4.38 m/s2, respectively. Combining dynamic parameters, apparent friction coefficient, and seismic signal features, we depict a dynamic landslide process initiated by high‐position rockslide, traveled by rapid long runout debris, and deposited over an old landslide's deposition fan. The rapid process of the landslide is affected by multiple preconditions such as the structure, topography, and meteorology of the site, which is characteristic of a typical chain‐style landslide hazard and could be helpful to recognize potential slope instabilities.

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A first near real-time seismology-based landquake monitoring system

Cited by 42 publications

References 27 publications

Dynamics of the Askja caldera July 2014 landslide, Iceland, from seismic signal analysis: precursor, motion and aftermath

Dynamics of the Askja caldera July 2014 landslide, Iceland, from seismic signal analysis: precursor, motion and aftermath

Dynamics of the Askja caldera July 2014 landslide, Iceland, from seismic signal analysis: precursor, motion and aftermath

Chain‐Style Landslide Hazardous Process: Constraints From Seismic Signals Analysis of the 2017 Xinmo Landslide, SW China

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