A first fossil record for Scolytus scolytus (F.) (elm bark beetle): its occurrence in elm decline deposits from London and the implications for neolithic elm disease

Girling, Maureen A.; Greig, James

doi:10.1016/0305-4403(85)90063-9

Cited by 64 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…6000 yr BP to 5800 yr BP age range. Examples occur at Newferry in Northern Ireland (Smith and Collins, 1971), Little Hawes Water in Lancashire (Taylor et al, 1994) and West Heath Spa in southeast England (Girling and Greig, 1985). Many similar but also undated examples have been recorded in northwest Europe, as discussed by Roux and Leroi-Gourhan (1964), Edwards (1989), Kolstrup (1990) and Welinder (1998).…”

Section: Mesolithic Age Woodland Disturbancementioning

confidence: 73%

Dating the introduction of cereal cultivation to the British Isles: early palaeoecological evidence from the Isle of Man

Innés

Blackford

Davey

2003

J Quaternary Science

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The adoption of cereal cultivation is a key benchmark in the transition from Mesolithic hunter-gatherer foraging to Neolithic farming economies, but the nature, timing and ecologicalcultural context of the earliest cereal use in the British Isles and northwest Europe is still uncertain. We present AMS radiocarbon dating and fine-resolution pollen evidence from the Isle of Man for cereal growing in the latter stages of a distinct episode of forest disturbance at almost 6000 yr BP (uncalibrated). The coherent ecological structure of this phase at the fine resolution level suggests that it records cereal cultivation well before the Ulmus decline, rather than wild grass pollen grains. This example is one of a cluster of early dates for cereal-type pollen near the start of the sixth millenium BP, including several around the Irish Sea, which indicate that the introduction of cereal agriculture probably occurred as early in the central British Isles as in the northern European plain. This early cereal phase is followed later by a probable phase of pre-Ulmus decline pastoral activity. We also report Mesolithic age woodland disturbance around 7000 yr BP (uncalibrated) and the first radiocarbon dates for mid-Holocene forest history of the Isle of Man.

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Section: Mesolithic Age Woodland Disturbancementioning

confidence: 73%

Dating the introduction of cereal cultivation to the British Isles: early palaeoecological evidence from the Isle of Man

Innés

Blackford

Davey

2003

J Quaternary Science

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“…These include competitive exclusion, climate change, human activity and disease (Ten Hove, 1968;Huntley & Birks, 1983;Girling, 1988;Peglar, 1993). The merits of all these hypotheses have been well debated and, currently, a combination of human activity and disease appear to be most favoured (Peglar & Birks, 1993).…”

Section: Mid Holocene (C 7000-3000 Bp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene vegetation history and human impact at Bryn y Castell, Snowdonia, north Wales

Mighall

Chambers²

1995

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYThree radiocarbon-dafed pollen diagrams are presenfed from Holocene peat and lake deposits in Snowdonia, elose to the Late Iron Age/Romano-Britisb ironworking hill-fort of Bryn y Casfell, Gwynedd, in upland north Wales. This paper discusses pollen, charcoal and peat-stratigrapbic evidence for major local vegetation changes and for tbe development of the surrounding cultural landscape during the last 10000 radioearbon yr. Pollen data from one of the sites (BYC 2) provided a vegetational record for most of the Holocene. The early part of the sequence suggests an oligotrophie lake in a landscape that is being colonized by birch-pine woodland; later, mixed deciduous woodland surrounds an infilling lake basin. Dating of peat deposits at two of tbe sites (BYC, BY'C H) indicated that their pollen records commenced between 5500 and 5000 yr BP. By this time, the lake basin was fringed by alder carr. There followed a gradual and then, c. 2700 yr BP, a more abrupt decline in woodland, such that, by tbe end of the Bronze Age and with the basin largely terrestrialized, the local landscape became dominated by mire vegetation communities, which have persisted to the present. Human activity seems to have been a major factor in the loss of woodland eover. Although there is some circumstantial evidence for earlier phases of human disturbance at BYC 2, human activity becomes increasingly apparent from c. 5000 yr BP. During the mid Holoeene, the impaet of Neolithic and early-to mid-Bronze Age cultures appears to be characterized by temporary woodland clearances, for arable and pastoral agriculture. By c. 2700 yr BP the majority of woodland cover seems to have been permanently removed from the landscape, but as there is scant archaeological evidence for late Bronze Age cultures in this part of Snowdonia, other factors, especially climate change, could be implicated. During the late Holocene, especially during part of the late Iron Age and Romano-British period, remaining local stands of woodland seem to have been exploited for iron smelting, although the overall impact of ironworking was limited.

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“…Both these examples have been linked to insect pests and associated pathogens (e.g. Girling and Greig, 1985;Bhiry and Filion, 1996;Clark and Edwards, 2004) but there is still uncertainty over what made apparently stable forest populations vulnerable to such pests. Climatic forcing may well be a significant contributing factor, either by directly weakening the trees, or by enhancing insect population growth and dispersal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variations in English populations of a forest insect pest, the green spruce aphid (Elatobium abietinum), associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation and global warming

Westgarth-Smith

Leroy

Collins

et al. 2007

Quaternary International

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A first fossil record for Scolytus scolytus (F.) (elm bark beetle): its occurrence in elm decline deposits from London and the implications for neolithic elm disease

Cited by 64 publications

References 6 publications

Dating the introduction of cereal cultivation to the British Isles: early palaeoecological evidence from the Isle of Man

Dating the introduction of cereal cultivation to the British Isles: early palaeoecological evidence from the Isle of Man

Holocene vegetation history and human impact at Bryn y Castell, Snowdonia, north Wales

Temporal variations in English populations of a forest insect pest, the green spruce aphid (Elatobium abietinum), associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation and global warming

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