“…If the dilation factor is an integer, then a great deal is known about the properties of the affine system X ( ). For example, one can give different characterizations for X ( ) to be a tight frame or an orthonormal basis, see [6], [9], [11], [13], [15]. For noninteger dilation factors significant progress has been made recently by Chui and Shi [10] who gave a characterization of pairs of dual frame wavelets.…”