A finite volume method for the calculation of compressible chemically reacting flows

Bussing, Thomas R. A.; Murman, Earll M.

doi:10.2514/6.1985-331

Cited by 47 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…A time integration is implicitly performed using a time-marching method. As a matrix solver for robust and effective time integration in the thermochemical non-equilibrium flow simulation, the lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel (LU-SGS) method [35] is combined with the point-implicit method [36].…”

Section: Simulation Code: Rg-fastarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced validation of CFD-FDTD combined method using highly applicable solver for reentry blackout prediction

Takahashi¹

2015

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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An analysis model of plasma flow and electromagnetic waves around a reentry vehicle for radio frequency blackout prediction during aerodynamic heating was developed in this study. The model was validated based on experimental results from the radio attenuation measurement program. The plasma flow properties, such as electron number density, in the shock layer and wake region were obtained using a newly developed unstructured grid solver that incorporated real gas effect models and could treat thermochemically non-equilibrium flow. To predict the electromagnetic waves in plasma, a frequency-dependent finite-difference time-domain method was used. Moreover, the complicated behaviour of electromagnetic waves in the plasma layer during atmospheric reentry was clarified at several altitudes. The prediction performance of the combined model was evaluated with profiles and peak values of the electron number density in the plasma layer. In addition, to validate the models, the signal losses measured during communication with the reentry vehicle were directly compared with the predicted results. Based on the study, it was suggested that the present analysis model accurately predicts the radio frequency blackout and plasma attenuation of electromagnetic waves in plasma in communication.

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Section: Simulation Code: Rg-fastarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced validation of CFD-FDTD combined method using highly applicable solver for reentry blackout prediction

Takahashi¹

2015

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…When modeling the thermochemical nonequilibrium flow, we need to introduce a robust and effective time-integration scheme to overcome the stiffness caused by the large timescale difference between the chemical reactions and the fluid motion that results in a severe restriction of the Courant-Friedrich-Lewy condition. Therefore, we employ the lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel (LU-SGS) method coupled with the point-implicit method [21].…”

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of Radio Frequency Blackout for an Inflatable Vehicle During Atmospheric Reentry

Takahashi

Yamada

Abe

2014

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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Numerical simulations of the plasma flow and electromagnetic wave around a membraneaeroshell type reentry vehicle were performed using various physical model combinations, and the possibility of radio frequency blackout of transceiver antenna embedded at the rear of the vehicle was investigated. The flow field was assumed to be in thermochemical nonequilibrium, and it was described by the Navier-Stokes equations with a multitemperature model and the equation of state. The simulations were performed for several altitudes including the highest heat flux point according to reentry orbit data. Through these computations, the detailed distributions of the flow-field properties in the shock layer and wake region were successfully obtained. To evaluate possibility of the radio frequency blackout during atmospheric reentry, the distribution of the electron number density around the inflatable vehicle was clarified. A frequency-dependent finite-difference time-domain method was used for simulations of electromagnetic waves, and the physical properties were obtained from the computational results of the plasma flow calculation. Electromagnetic wave behaviors in an ionized gas region behind the inflatable vehicle were investigated. It was found that the number density of electrons was sufficiently small and that the electromagnetic waves can propagate with less reflection and no attenuation. These results suggest that radio frequency blackout may not occur during the atmospheric reentry of the inflatable vehicle.

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“…When modeling the thermochemical nonequilibrium flow, we need to introduce a robust and effective time-integration scheme to overcome the stiffness caused by the large time-scale difference between the chemical reactions and the fluid motion, which results in a severe restriction of the Courant-Friedrich-Lewy condition. Therefore, we employ the lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel (LU-SGS) method coupled with the point-implicit method [27].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction Performance of Blackout and Plasma Attenuation in Atmospheric Reentry Demonstrator Mission

Takahashi

Yamada

Abe

2014

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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A numerical simulation model that combines the plasma flows and electromagnetic waves around a reentry vehicle during atmospheric reentry was developed to evaluate the radio frequency blackout and plasma attenuation. The physical properties of the plasma flow in the shock layer and wake region were obtained using a computational fluid dynamics technique. The electromagnetic waves were expressed using a frequencydependent finite-difference time-domain method with the plasma properties. Combined simulations were performed for the atmospheric reentry demonstrator of the European Space Agency at various altitudes based on reentry orbit data. The electromagnetic wave behaviors around the vehicle during atmospheric reentry were investigated in detail. Moreover, a parametric analysis with different ionization reaction models was performed. It was confirmed that the vehicle is surrounded by the plasma and the propagation of the electromagnetic waves is prevented at high altitude. Then, the plasma is dissipated, and the propagation recovers at low altitude. Validation of the simulation model was performed based on the plasma attenuation history of the experimental flight data. A comparison of the measured and predicted results showed good agreement. It was concluded that the combined simulation model could be an effective tool for investigating the radio frequency blackout and the plasma attenuation of radio wave communication.

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A finite volume method for the calculation of compressible chemically reacting flows

Cited by 47 publications

References 4 publications

Advanced validation of CFD-FDTD combined method using highly applicable solver for reentry blackout prediction

Advanced validation of CFD-FDTD combined method using highly applicable solver for reentry blackout prediction

Examination of Radio Frequency Blackout for an Inflatable Vehicle During Atmospheric Reentry

Prediction Performance of Blackout and Plasma Attenuation in Atmospheric Reentry Demonstrator Mission

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