“…Based on experimental observations, many macro-phenomenological constitutive models were constructed in the last two decades to describe the thermo-mechanical deformation of NiTi SMA, and the representative works can be referred to Lagoudas et al (2006Lagoudas et al ( , 2012, Panico and Brinson (2007), Zaki and Moumni (2007a), Hartl and Lagoudas (2009), Arghavani et al (2010Arghavani et al ( , 2011, Thamburaja (2010), Chemisky et al (2011Chemisky et al ( , 2014, Morin et al (2011a), Sedlák et al (2012), Zaki (2012), Teeriaho (2013), Auricchio et al (2014) and Xiao (2014). However, these models cannot be used to describe the cyclic deformation of NiTi SMA, since the transformation ratchetting features are not considered by them.…”