“…There are many literatures on stabilized finite element methods for NavierStokes equations. Among them, we list some methods as follows: recently developed stabilized methods, such as, Galerkin least square method introduced in [4][5][6] by Franca, Hughes, and coworkers, and applied to some advective-diffusive models; residual-free bubbles (RFB) method [7][8][9], in which, the enrichment of the discrete finite element space by RFB; classical large eddy simulation (LES) approach in [10,11] which treats the large scales as an average in space given by convolution with an appropriate filter function; variational multiscale (VMS) methods, see for example, Hughes et al [12][13][14], they first reported VMS methods, Guermond [15] developed the subgrid modeling that is a variant of VMS methods, and Layton [16] discussed the connection between subgrid scale eddy viscosity and mixed methods, John, Kaya, and coworkers [17][18][19] applied the VMS methods to the Navier-Stokes equations and gave the theoretical error analysis, Zheng [20] improved the VMS method for the Navier-Stokes equations based on two local Gauss integrations, and other literatures on VMS methods [21][22][23][24]; two-level stabilization scheme [25] and local projection stabilization [26], both can be interpreted as a VMS method; and so on.…”