A Finite Element Model of an Equine Hoof

Jansová, Magdalena; Ondoková, Lenka; Vychytil, Jan; Kochová, Petra; Witter, Kirsti; Tonar, Zbyněk

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2014.11.008

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We assigned a Young’s modulus (E) value of 16,000 MPa and Poisson’s ratio (v) of 0.3 to the P1 and P2. The P3 in horses consists of dense trabeculae and was thus assigned a modulus of 10,000 MPa and Poisson’s ratio of 0.3 ( Rho et al , 2001 ; Jansová et al , 2015 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary case study of the effect of shoe-wearing on the biomechanics of a horse’s foot

Panagiotopoulou

Rankin

Gatesy

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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Horse racing is a multi-billion-dollar industry that has raised welfare concerns due to injured and euthanized animals. Whilst the cause of musculoskeletal injuries that lead to horse morbidity and mortality is multifactorial, pre-existing pathologies, increased speeds and substrate of the racecourse are likely contributors to foot disease. Horse hooves have the ability to naturally deform during locomotion and dissipate locomotor stresses, yet farriery approaches are utilised to increase performance and protect hooves from wear. Previous studies have assessed the effect of different shoe designs on locomotor performance; however, no biomechanical study has hitherto measured the effect of horseshoes on the stresses of the foot skeleton in vivo. This preliminary study introduces a novel methodology combining three-dimensional data from biplanar radiography with inverse dynamics methods and finite element analysis (FEA) to evaluate the effect of a stainless steel shoe on the function of a Thoroughbred horse’s forefoot during walking. Our preliminary results suggest that the stainless steel shoe shifts craniocaudal, mediolateral and vertical GRFs at mid-stance. We document a similar pattern of flexion-extension in the PIP (pastern) and DIP (coffin) joints between the unshod and shod conditions, with slight variation in rotation angles throughout the stance phase. For both conditions, the PIP and DIP joints begin in a flexed posture and extend over the entire stance phase. At mid-stance, small differences in joint angle are observed in the PIP joint, with the shod condition being more extended than the unshod horse, whereas the DIP joint is extended more in the unshod than the shod condition. We also document that the DIP joint extends more than the PIP after mid-stance and until the end of the stance in both conditions. Our FEA analysis, conducted solely on the bones, shows increased von Mises and Maximum principal stresses on the forefoot phalanges in the shod condition at mid-stance, consistent with the tentative conclusion that a steel shoe might increase mechanical loading. However, because of our limited sample size none of these apparent differences have been tested for statistical significance. Our preliminary study illustrates how the shoe may influence the dynamics and mechanics of a Thoroughbred horse’s forefoot during slow walking, but more research is needed to quantify the effect of the shoe on the equine forefoot during the whole stance phase, at faster speeds/gaits and with more individuals as well as with a similar focus on the hind feet. We anticipate that our preliminary analysis using advanced methodological approaches will pave the way for new directions in research on the form/function relationship of the equine foot, with the ultimate goal to minimise foot injuries and improve animal health and welfare.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary case study of the effect of shoe-wearing on the biomechanics of a horse’s foot

Panagiotopoulou

Rankin

Gatesy

et al. 2016

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We assigned a Young's modulus (E) value of 16,000 MPa and Poisson's ratio (v) of 0.3 to the P1 and P2. The P3 in horses consists of dense trabeculae and was thus assigned a modulus of 10,000 MPa and Poisson's ratio of 0.3 (Rho et al, 2001;Jansová et al, 2015).…”

Section: Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #3 of "A preliminary case study of the effect of shoe-wearing on the biomechanics of a horse’s foot (v0.1)"

2016

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“…They ignored the effects of joint movement during the hoof-ground contact, despite others showing the importance of these joint movements for moderating load ( Wilson et al, 2001 ; McGuigan and Wilson, 2003 ). 3D models using Finite Element analysis (FEA) have been applied to hoof stresses in contact with different surfaces (treadmill, concrete, and sand) but the boundary conditions are typically generic or very simplistic and ignore the dynamics of the forelimb and torso ( Newlyn et al, 1998 ; Hinterhofer et al, 2000 ; Hinterhofer et al, 2001 ; Thomason et al, 2002 ; Salo et al, 2010 ; Ramsey et al, 2013 ; Jansová et al, 2015 ; Akbari Shahkhosravi et al, 2021a ; Akbari Shahkhosravi et al, 2021b ). McCarty et al (2016) presented the only study using FE to model both the response of the distal limb and the ground.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Coupled Biomechanical-Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Model for Horse Racing Tracks

Harrison

Whitton

Stover

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Distal limb injuries are common in racing horses and track surface properties have been associated with injury risk. To better understand how track surfaces may contribute to equine limb injury, we developed the first 3D computational model of the equine hoof interacting with a racetrack and simulated interactions with model representations of 1) a dirt surface and 2) an all-weather synthetic track. First, a computational track model using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method with a Drucker-Prager (D-P) elastoplastic material model was developed. It was validated against analytical models and published data and then calibrated using results of a custom track testing device applied to the two racetrack types. Second, a sensitivity analysis was performed to determine which model parameters contribute most significantly to the mechanical response of the track under impact-type loading. Third, the SPH track model was coupled to a biomechanical model of the horse forelimb and applied to hoof-track impact for a horse galloping on each track surface. We found that 1) the SPH track model was well validated and it could be calibrated to accurately represent impact loading of racetrack surfaces at two angles of impact; 2) the amount of harrowing applied to the track had the largest effect on impact loading, followed by elastic modulus and cohesion; 3) the model is able to accurately simulate hoof-ground interaction and enables study of the relationship between track surface parameters and the loading on horses’ distal forelimbs.

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A Finite Element Model of an Equine Hoof

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

A preliminary case study of the effect of shoe-wearing on the biomechanics of a horse’s foot

A preliminary case study of the effect of shoe-wearing on the biomechanics of a horse’s foot

Peer Review #3 of "A preliminary case study of the effect of shoe-wearing on the biomechanics of a horse’s foot (v0.1)"

A Coupled Biomechanical-Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Model for Horse Racing Tracks

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