A finite element model for impact simulation with laminated glass

Timmel, Mario; Kolling, Stefan; Osterrieder, Peter; Bois, P. A. Du

doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2006.07.008

Cited by 201 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…However, because the complicacy of the structure of laminated glass, any variation in the manufacturing process and materials can induce the significant effects of the safety of the laminated glass [3], specially, safety factors related to glass failure during impact processes can neither be gained nor be trusted from only a limited number of experimental investigations [2]. Recently, many scholars have tried to solve these problems by using numerical methods [5,8,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of impact fracture behavior of automobile laminated glass by 3D discrete element method

2007

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A three-dimensional discrete element model of laminated glass plane is presented and a 3D numerical analysis code, which can simulate the impact fracture behavior of automobile laminated glass, is developed. The impact process of a single glass plane and a laminated glass plane are calculated in the elastic range by the code. Comparing its results with those calculated by the commercial FEM code LS-DYNA in the same condition, the validity of the 3D laminated glass model and the 3D discrete element method are proved. Furthermore, the impact fracture process of a single glass plane and a laminated glass plane are simulated respectively. The entire failure processes in detail are presented. By comparing the impact force and reduction of kinetic energy of impact body between those two models, the numerical method is applied to demonstrate the advantage of laminated glass in passenger's safety.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of impact fracture behavior of automobile laminated glass by 3D discrete element method

2007

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“…As the mesh is refined, it is expected that the number of radial cracks will increase, thus indicating non-predictiveness of smeared damage models even when they include scale effects for fracture energy. The severe mesh dependence of smeared damage models is also noted in a systematic study by Timmel, et al [36].…”

Section: Projectile Penetrationmentioning

confidence: 52%

Survey of four damage models for concrete.

Leelavanichkul

Brannon

2009

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Four conventional damage plasticity models for concrete, the Karagozian and Case model (K&C), the Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma model (RHT), the Brannon-Fossum model (BF1), and the Continuous Surface Cap Model (CSCM) are compared. The K&C and RHT models have been used in commercial finite element programs many years, whereas the BF1 and CSCM models are relatively new. All four models are essentially isotropic plasticity models for which "plasticity" is regarded as any form of inelasticity. All of the models support nonlinear elasticity, but with different formulations. All four models employ three shear strength surfaces. The "yield surface" bounds an evolving set of elastically obtainable stress states. The "limit surface" bounds stress states that can be reached by any means (elastic or plastic). To model softening, it is recognized that some stress states might be reached once, but, because of irreversible damage, might not be achievable again. In other words, softening is the process of collapse of the limit surface, ultimately down to a final "residual surface" for fully failed material. The four models being compared differ in their softening evolution equations, as well as in their equations used to degrade the elastic stiffness. For all four models, the strength surfaces are cast in stress space. For all four models, it is recognized that scale effects are important for softening, but the models differ significantly in their approaches. The K&C documentation, for example, mentions that a particular material parameter 3 affecting the damage evolution rate must be set by the user according to the mesh size to preserve energy to failure. Similarly, the BF1 model presumes that all material parameters are set to values appropriate to the scale of the element, and automated assignment of scale-appropriate values is available only through an enhanced implementation of BF1 (called BFS) that regards scale effects to be coupled to statistical variability of material properties. The RHT model appears to similarly support optional uncertainty and automated settings for scale-dependent material parameters. The K&C, RHT, and CSCM models support rate dependence by allowing the strength to be a function of strain rate, whereas the BF1 model uses Duvaut-Lion viscoplasticity theory to give a smoother prediction of transient effects. During softening, all four models require a certain amount of strain to develop before allowing significant damage accumulation. For the K&C, RHT, and CSCM models, the strain-to-failure is tied to fracture energy release, whereas a similar effect is achieved indirectly in the BF1 model by a time-based criterion that is tied to crack propagation speed.4

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“…In order to represent bone fracture over the course of simulations, an element erosion model was applied wherein elements no longer carry stress once a certain failure strain is exceeded (LSTC, 2015b). Yield strain was selected as the criterion for failure following the example of other fracture modelling presented in literature (Timmel et al, 2007;Kurtaran et al, 2003). The values for all material properties for cortical and trabecular bone are provided in Table 2.…”

Section: Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a lower extremity model for high strain rate impact loading

Fielding

Kraft

Przekwas

et al. 2015

IJECB

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Abstract:In recent military conflicts, the incidence of underbody blasts has led to severe injuries, specifically in the lower extremities. The development of a lower extremity model may lead to a better understanding of injury patterns and mechanisms. A computational finite element model of the lower extremity was developed based on geometry made available in an anatomical repository. The portion of the extremity model below the knee was used in initial comparisons between simulations and experimental data. Impact was applied via a loading plate with a vertical velocity of 5 m/s, 10 m/s, and 12 m/s. Resultant axial force was compared to experimental data. Results of these simulations fall within the range of available experimental data, which gives confidence that this model represents advancement in lower extremity modelling capabilities. Bone fracture has also been modelled and shows consistency with injuries typical of underbody blast scenarios.

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A finite element model for impact simulation with laminated glass

Cited by 201 publications

References 10 publications

Investigation of impact fracture behavior of automobile laminated glass by 3D discrete element method

Investigation of impact fracture behavior of automobile laminated glass by 3D discrete element method

Survey of four damage models for concrete.

Development of a lower extremity model for high strain rate impact loading

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