A Finite Element Method for Modeling Localized Corrosion Cells

Fu, John W.; Chan, S.K.

doi:10.5006/1.3593890

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…This utilizes a control volume technique coupled with the predicted electric field. This method was validated against the experimental data of Fu and Chan [5] and excellent agreement was found. It is proposed that this new method may be useful to simulate a wide variety of electrochemical systems where multi-dimensional mass and charge transport is important, due to the stability and computational ease of the numerical solution outlined here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A universal multi-dimensional charge and mass transfer model

Kennell

Evitts

2010

WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences

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A new approach has been developed for modelling the transport of charge and mass through electrolytes. This approach utilizes a dynamically computed electric field that contributes to the transport of charged species in much the same way a flow field contributes to the transport of mass. Since a multidimensional electric field is computed, the effects of this field on redox reactions occurring in the electrolyte or at the interface of an electronic and ionic conductor can be modelled. Transport of species due to diffusion and convection is also considered, and the overall transport system is modelled using a control volume technique with a modified Peclet number. Electroneutrality and the conservation of species are incorporated into the model. This method produces a universal model capable of predicting one, two, or three-dimensional mass and charge transport for electrochemical phenomena where macroscopic anodic and cathodic couples exist. This model has the potential to simulate forms of localized corrosion and energy storage and generation applications such as batteries and fuel cells. The theoretical development and validation of this new model for a two dimensional case study is presented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model presented in this paper was used to model the moving boundary experiment of Fu and Chan [5]. The experiment consisted of a small diameter glass tube filled with 0.1 M KNO 3 .…”

Section: Validation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A universal multi-dimensional charge and mass transfer model

Kennell

Evitts

2010

WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences

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“…The effect of the crevice gap on the solution conductivity, iR drop, and charge density in the titanium crevice solution is investigated in detail. Models of similar purpose have been constructed by several authors-Oldfi eld and Sutton, 1 Bernhardsson, et al, [2][3] Fu and Chan, 4 Alkire and Siitari, 5 Hebert and Alkire, 6 Turnbull and Ferris, 7 Sharland, [8][9] Watson, 10 Watson and Postlethwaite, [11][12] Evitts, et al, [13][14][15][16] Evitts,17 Postlethwaite, et al, 18 Walton, et al, 19 Oldfi eld, et al, 20 Heppner, et al, [21][22] and others. The present work uses the mass-transport model of Watson and Postlethwaite [11][12] but improves the solution through adjustment of chemical equilibrium for nonideality and through incorporating the effect of solution charge density on ionic migration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Crevice Gap on the Initiation of Crevice Corrosion in Passive Metals

2004

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Past research into the mechanism governing the time to active crevice corrosion-the incubation period-of a passive metal crevice has produced theoretical models coupled with the B-dot model, the Debye-Hückel limiting law, and other activity models to correct for nonideal behavior at moderately high concentrations. In this research, the transport model of Watson and Postlethwaite is coupled with the ionic interaction model of Pitzer to predict the effect of the crevice gap on the iR drop and chemical activity of the crevice solution. Two cathodic reactions, crevice external oxygen reduction and crevice internal hydrogen ion reduction, are assumed to balance metal dissolution. To validate the model, the experimental Type 304 (UNS S30400) stainless steel crevice of Alavi and Cottis is simulated. Model predictions improve upon predictions of past models and match observations of this experimental work within experimental uncertainty. The effect of crevice gap on a titanium crevice immersed in 0.5 M aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) solution at 25°C also is predicted. The iR drop, electrical conductivity, and chemical activity of the solution increases as the crevice gap decreases. The relationship between iR drop and deviation from charge electroneutrality of the solution is investigated.

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“…Correct trends were observed but actual predictions differed from those determined by experiment. Fu and Chan (1984) developed a mass transport model accounting for electrostatic potential, diffusion potential, and chemical potential gradients. Results closely followed experimental data.…”

Section: The Crevice Corrosion Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of the Crevice Corrosion Incubation Period of Passive Metals at Elevated Temperatures: Part I — Mathematical Model

2002

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E stimated to account for five percent of the gross national product of an industrialized nation, corrosion is a major problem. Occurring in small occlusions, crevice corrosion, a form of localized corrosion, is especially dangerous because it can weaken high stress structural members causing sudden, often catastrophic, failure. An understanding of the crevice corrosion mechanism enables prediction of the passivity of crevices formed by different metals. This capability is vital for the proper selection of alloys for corrosive duty.In an effort to provide this understanding, a generic mathematical model of crevice corrosion has been developed. Capable of predicting the incubation period, the time from immersion to active crevice corrosion, of passive metals or alloys in a suitable electrolytic solution, this model could be used in the selection of alloys for corrosive duty. A key parameter in the selection of a passive metal, the incubation period is the time required to destroy the protective passive film and develop a critical crevice solution. Once attained, corrosion in a critical crevice will rapidly propagate throughout the cell.No assumptions are made upon the nature of the metal or alloy in the implementation of this model. All information is read from specially formatted text files at run-time adding unmatched flexibility to the model. The user may design these text files using an application developed as a complement to the computer model. This model features an innovative algorithm developed to adjust crevice solution composition for chemical and electrochemical equilibrium. Equilibrium expressions are assembled at run-time from a generic equilibrium description. The lack of assumptions in this algorithm allow for any complete set of chemical and electrochemical reactions to be solved.A rigorous approach to model the tendency for the system to approach electroneutrality has been developed. Based on theoretical principles, the Poisson Equation is solved to bring the system near electrically neutral conditions.The complete corrosion simulation package features several pre-assembled alloy models, and the creation of new alloy models is simple. An alloy builder, embedded in the software, creates user-specified alloys from existing metal models. The user need only specify the metals to include in the alloy and their respective weight fractions. A set of formatted text files is automatically created and the new alloy is ready to be simulated.

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A Finite Element Method for Modeling Localized Corrosion Cells

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

A universal multi-dimensional charge and mass transfer model

A universal multi-dimensional charge and mass transfer model

Effect of the Crevice Gap on the Initiation of Crevice Corrosion in Passive Metals

Prediction of the Crevice Corrosion Incubation Period of Passive Metals at Elevated Temperatures: Part I — Mathematical Model

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