A Finite Element Method for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Electrospun Nanofibrous Mats

Abstract

This study focuses on the mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibrous mats, highlighting the importance of the characteristics of single nanofibers in determining the overall mechanical behavior of the mats. Recognizing the significant impacts of the diameter and structural properties of the nanofibers, this research introduces a novel methodology for deriving the effects of the mechanical properties of single nanofibers on the aggregate mechanical performance of electrospun oriented nanofiber mats. For this purpose, a finite element method (FEM) model is developed to simulate the elastoplastic response of the mats, incorporating the influence of structural parameters on mechanical properties. The validation of the FEM model against experimental data from electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers with different orientations demonstrates its effectiveness in capturing the elastic–plastic tensile behaviors of the material and confirms its accuracy in terms of reflecting the complex mechanical interactions within the nanofibrous mats. Through a detailed analysis of how nanofiber diameter, orientation of fibers, length-to-width ratio, and porosity affect the mechanical properties of the mats, this research provides valuable insights for the engineering of nanofibrous materials to meet specific mechanical requirements. These findings improve our understanding of nanofibrous mat structures, allowing for better performance in diverse applications as well as highlighting the critical importance of identifying the properties of single nanofibers and their associated impacts on material design.

A Novel Method to Enhance the Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber Mats: An Experimental and Numerical Investigation

“…The PAN nanofibers were synthesized using an electrospinning setup featuring a rotating drum collector, following the protocol previously described by the authors [15,25]. To prepare the PAN solution, a 10% (wt./wt.)…”

“…To determine the porosity of the nanofiber mats, a density comparison method was used, as mentioned in [15], which calculates the percentage of their porosity (P) using the following equation:…”

“…The morphological characteristics of the PVA-doped PAN nanofiber mats were examined using a Hitachi TM300 tabletop scanning electron microscope (SEM), as mentioned in [4,15,35]. The SEM was operated at a magnification of 1500×, under a vacuum of 10 −2 Torr, and the samples were ion-coated with gold (Au) to a thickness of 150 Å.…”

“…The development of a finite element (FE) model for the PVA-doped PAN nanofiber mats was based on methodologies previously established by the authors [15]. This model incorporates geometric parameters crucial for accurately representing the structural characteristics of the nanofibers after doping them with PVA.…”

“…The mechanical efficacy of electrospun nanofibers is critical in determining the structural attributes of a nanofiber mat, such as its fiber diameter [14], fiber orientation [15], and mat porosity [15,16]. In particular, a high degree of nanofiber alignment correlates with enhanced stiffness and improved mechanical properties.…”