A Filtrable Virus Causing a Tumor-Like Condition in Rabbits and Its Relationship to Virus Myxomatosum

Shope, Richard E.

doi:10.1084/jem.56.6.803

Cited by 90 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…A polyomavirus (papovaviridae) has been associated with cutaneous neoplasia in hamsters (Graffi et al 1968). Poxviruses cause proliferative skin lesions in squirrels (Hirth et al 1969, O'Connor et al 1980, rabbits (Shope 1932, Pulley & Shively 1973, and primates (Behbehani et al 1968). Retroviruses have been associated with fibromas and sarcomas in several species including initial studies have been unsuccessful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental transmission of green turtle fibropapillomatosis using cell-free tumor extracts

et al. 1995

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Green turtle fibropapillomatosis (GTFP), characterized by multiple benign fibroepithelial tumors on the skin and eyes, has become a growing threat to green turtle Chelonja mydas populations worldwide. The cause of GTFP 1s unknown, but a viral etiology is suspected. This study investigated whether GTFP could be experimentally transmitted to young captive-reared green turtles using cell-free fibropapilloma extracts prepared from free-ranging turtles with spontaneous disease Turtles raised from eggs collected from 4 separate clutches in the wild were assigned to 4 expenmental groups and 1 control group. For each experiment a crude homogenate (33 % w/v) was prepared from fibropapillomas removed from a free-ranging turtle with spontaneous disease. The crude tumor homogenates were freeze-thawed and centrifuged to yield cell-free extracts that were used (both filtered and unaltered) for inoculation. Recipients were inoculated by intradermal injection or by scarification; control turtles were not treated but \yere housed with treated turtles. Fibropapillomas developed in all 12 turtles receiving 3 of the 4 tumor extracts, and were first detected between 15 and 43 wk post inoculation. Both filtered and unfiltered tumor extracts successfully induced tumor development. During the 10 and 12 mo monitoring periods. fibropapillomas did not develop in control turtles or in any turtles inoculated with the fourth tumor extract. Although 2 sets of experiments were performed 8 wk apart, most of the tumors in both sets became evident simultaneously after water temperatures rose Experimental tumors were h~stologically i n d~s -tinguishable from spontaneous fibropapillomas found In free-living turtles but lacked evidence of endoparasites. Scattered foci of epidermal degeneration were found in most sections of experimentally induced fibropapillomas and within some sections taken from donor turtles. Electron rnicroscopy revealed virus-like particles conforming in size, morphology, and intranuclear location with herpesvirus. Negativestaining electron microscopy of transmission-positive tumor extracts failed to demonstrate intact virus particles. This study demonstrates that the etiology of GTFP is an infectious filterable subcellular agent. The herpesvirus identified in this study is 1 possible candidate for the etiology of GTFP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental transmission of green turtle fibropapillomatosis using cell-free tumor extracts

et al. 1995

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“…In the 1930s, two tumor viruses were described in mammals, suggesting the possibility that viruses may play a similar causal role in human cancers (12). Shope papillomavirus was isolated from keratinous carcinomas from the cottontail rabbit (13), and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is a cancerous agent, or "milk factor," that is transmitted by mothers to young mice in their milk (14). In the 1950s, mouse leukemia virus (15) and mouse polyomavirus (16) were discovered.…”

Section: History Of Tumor Virologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses and Human Cancers: a Long Road of Discovery of Molecular Paradigms

2014

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SUMMARY About a fifth of all human cancers worldwide are caused by infectious agents. In 12% of cancers, seven different viruses have been causally linked to human oncogenesis: Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, human papillomavirus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, hepatitis C virus, Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus, and Merkel cell polyomavirus. Here, we review the many molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis that have been discovered over the decades of study of these viruses. We discuss how viruses can act at different stages in the complex multistep process of carcinogenesis. Early events include their involvement in mutagenic events associated with tumor initiation such as viral integration and insertional mutagenesis as well as viral promotion of DNA damage. Also involved in tumor progression is the dysregulation of cellular processes by viral proteins, and we describe how this has been investigated by studies in cell culture and in experimental animals and by molecular cellular approaches. Also important are the molecular mechanisms whereby viruses interact with the immune system and the immune evasion strategies that have evolved.

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“…The virus is now known to be a pox virus. Shope was able to transmit the papillomas to other rabbits by rubbing the filtrate on the scarified skin 26. Another disease of infectious nature, Jaagsiekte disease (running sickness of sheep) was reported in South Africa and Australia 27.…”

Section: Chronology Of Discoveries First Descriptions New Terms Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

A note from history: Landmarks in history of cancer, part 5

Hajdu

Darvishian

2013

Cancer

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In the 3 decades from 1910 to 1940, more progress took place in cancer research and the diagnosis and treatment of cancers than during the prior centuries combined. The discovery of several carcinogens, precancerous conditions, and hereditary cancers adduced new thoughts about the genesis of cancers. Even though diagnostic radiology and radiation therapy became apposite specialties, surgery retained its primacy in the treatment of cancer patients. The delineation of new and distinct neoplastic entities, several precancerous lesions, and noninvasive carcinomas as well as the introduction of histopathologic grading of cancers promulgated cogent changes in therapy. Yet, with all the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers, very little betterment could be demonstrated in the overall survival of patients, and by the end of the 1930s, cancer became the second most common cause of death in the United States. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.

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A Filtrable Virus Causing a Tumor-Like Condition in Rabbits and Its Relationship to Virus Myxomatosum

Cited by 90 publications

References 3 publications

Experimental transmission of green turtle fibropapillomatosis using cell-free tumor extracts

Experimental transmission of green turtle fibropapillomatosis using cell-free tumor extracts

Viruses and Human Cancers: a Long Road of Discovery of Molecular Paradigms

A note from history: Landmarks in history of cancer, part 5

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