“…As a wrapper-based meta-heuristic feature selection algorithm for optimal/highly discriminative feature selection, the BPSO helps minimize (if not eliminate) the curse of dimensionality caused by high-dimensional features; however, since the past decade when the canonical PSO was introduced, more than 4000 variants of the PSO algorithm has been developed including but not limited to the multiobjective PSO for cost-based feature selection in classification [39], variable-size cooperative co-evolutionary PSO for feature selection on high-dimensional data [40], Quantum PSO [41], Comprehensive Learning PSO [42], etc. Also, its capabilities as a filter-based feature selection approach has been recently explored by the authors of [43] who introduced the novel filter-based bare-bone particle swarm optimization(FBPSO) algorithm for unsupervised feature selection in cases of unlabelled data. Nevertheless, every PSO variant, though as effective as the others, is unique in architecture while targeted systems are usually Black − box optimization problems; hence, it would be futile to even attempt to assess and compare all these PSO variants for feature selection [44]; however, considering the computational cost efficiency, availability, ease-of-use, stability and robustness (It also exhibits conceptual similarities with reinforcement learning approaches [45]) associated with the BPSO, this study employs the BPSO.…”