A figure of merit assessment of the routes to hydrogen

Ewan, B. C. R.; Allen, Ray

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.02.003

Cited by 347 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Global hydrogen production is estimated to be 50 million tons annually (2,3), where the main feedstock are fossil fuels, such as natural gas, hydrocarbons and coal. These processes are highly endothermic, implying high temperatures (>800 oC) and moderate pressures (20-30 bar), where a set of reaction steps such as desulfurization, high and low temperature shift reactions, methanation and adsorption are required for high purity hydrogen.…”

Section: Hydrogen Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Through Water Electrolysis and Biomass Gasification for Application in Fuel Cells

Kiros

Marini

Villa

et al. 2017

RESD

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-Hydrogen is considered to be one of the most promising green energy carrier in the energy storage and conversion scenario. Although it is abundant on Earth in the form of compounds, its occurrence in free form is extremely low. Thus, it has to be produced by reforming processes, steam reforming (SR), partial oxidation (POX) and autothermal reforming (ATR) mainly from fossil fuels for high throughput with high energy requirements, pyrolysis of biomass and electrolysis. Electrolysis is brought about by passing electric current though two electrodes to evolve water into its constituent parts, viz. hydrogen and oxygen, respectively. Hydrogen produced by non-noble metal catalysts for both anode and cathode is therefore cost-effective and can be integrated into fuel cells for direct chemical energy conversion into electrical energy electricity, thus meeting the sustainable and renewable use with low carbon footprint.

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Section: Hydrogen Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Through Water Electrolysis and Biomass Gasification for Application in Fuel Cells

Kiros

Marini

Villa

et al. 2017

RESD

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“…3 natural gas reforming accounts for about 95% of the hydrogen produced today [2]. However, there is a limited supply of natural gas so hydrogen production from this source is not considered as a long-term option [7].…”

Section: Hydrogen Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TiO 2 , with a band-gap energy of 3.0-3.2 eV, absorbs mainly in the UV region and to a lesser extent in the visible. Only 5% of the solar spectrum is UV in air mass (AM) 1.5:AM 1.5 corresponds to the solar energy received at the earth's surface when the sun is at 48.81°above the horizon [9,10].…”

Section: Tio 2 and Its Nanostructures For Photoelectrochemical Applicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is essential to develop alternative energy approaches especially for transportation not only to replace rapidly depleting oil reserves, but also to limit the effects of global warming by reducing the atmospheric emission of carbon dioxide [1][2][3][4][5]. Hydrogen is gaining increasing attention, both politically and scientifically, and is considered one of the most promising energy carriers [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in the application of nanotechnology in enabling a ‘hydrogen economy’

2008

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Hydrogen is gaining a great deal of attention as an energy carrier as well as an alternative fuel. However, in order to fully implement the so called 'hydrogen economy' significant technical challenges need to be overcome in the fields of production and storage of hydrogen and its point of use especially in fuel cells for the automotive industry. The purpose of this review is to present and discuss recent advances in the use of nanomaterials for solar hydrogen production and on-board solid state storage of hydrogen. The role of nanotechnology in enhancing the efficiency of fuel cells and reducing their cost is also discussed.

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“…As a result, various green energy carriers have been proposed, among which hydrogen is a promising candidate due to its unique characteristics (Akil and Jayanthi, 2014). However, the majority of hydrogen is currently derived from non-renewable sources such as methane conversion and oil/naphtha (Ewan and Allen, 2005). Consequently, clean technologies should be developed to make hydrogen a more attractive energy carrier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved microbial conversion of de-oiled Jatropha waste into biohydrogen via inoculum pretreatment: process optimization by experimental design approach

et al. 2015

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Improved microbial conversion of de-oiled Jatropha waste into biohydrogen via inoculum pretreatment: process optimization by experimental design approach In this study various pretreatment methods of sewage sludge inoculum and the statistical process optimization of de-oiled jatropha waste have been reported. Peak hydrogen production rate (HPR) and hydrogen yield (HY) of 0.36 L H2/L-d and 20 mL H2/g Volatile Solid (VS) were obtained when heat shock pretreatment (95 o C, 30 min) was employed. Afterwards, an experimental design was applied to find the optimal conditions for H2 production using heat-pretreated seed culture. The optimal substrate concentration, pH and temperature were determined by using response surface methodology as 205 g/L, 6.53 and 55.1 o C, respectively. Under these circumstances, the highest HPR of 1.36 L H2/L-d was predicted. Verification tests proved the reliability of the statistical approach. As a result of the heat pretreatment and fermentation optimization, a significant (~ 4 folds) increase in HPR was achieved. PCR-DGGE results revealed that Clostridium sp. were majorly present under the optimal conditions. Kumar et al. / Biofuel Research Journal 5 (2015) 209-214 Please cite this article as: Kumar G., Bakonyi P., Sivagurunathan P., Nemestóthy N., Bélafi-Bakó K., Lin C.Y. Improved microbial conversion of de-oiled Jatropha waste into biohydrogen via inoculum pretreatment and process optimization by experimental design approach. Biofuel Research Journal 5 (2015) 209-214.

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A figure of merit assessment of the routes to hydrogen

Cited by 347 publications

References 10 publications

Hydrogen Through Water Electrolysis and Biomass Gasification for Application in Fuel Cells

Hydrogen Through Water Electrolysis and Biomass Gasification for Application in Fuel Cells

Advances in the application of nanotechnology in enabling a ‘hydrogen economy’

Improved microbial conversion of de-oiled Jatropha waste into biohydrogen via inoculum pretreatment: process optimization by experimental design approach

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