A Fifteen-year Review of Lymphomas in a Nigerian Tertiary Healthcare Centre

Abstract

In Africa, epidemiological data on the effect of the HIV epidemic on the occurrence of lymphomas are scanty. The 1990s witnessed the alarming rates of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria increased from 1.8% in 1991 to 4.4% in 2005. The aim of this study was to determine whether there have been any changes in the frequency and pattern of lymphomas in view of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the country. This is a retrospective study of all lymphoma cases diagnosed during 1991-2005. The prevalence of lymphomas declined from 1.4% to 0.7% of surgical biopsies during 1991-2005. There was a decline in the proportion of high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma from 79.1% and 45.8% respectively to 21.1% and 13.6% respectively. There is a suggestion that the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the country may not have influenced the pattern of occurrence of both major histomorphological types of lymphoma in Ibadan.

Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in Southern Africa: review of 487 cases from The International Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma Classification Project

“…In contrast, a study from Tanzania (Mwakigonja et al , ) suggested an increase in lymphoma prevalence from 1997 to 2001 together with an increase in HIV prevalence. Overall, the most common NHL subtypes in these African studies, regardless of HIV status, are Burkitt or Burkitt‐like lymphoma and DLBCL, with relatively low frequencies of LG B‐NHL (Lazzi et al , ; Parkin et al , ; Mwakigonja et al , ; Bolarinwa et al , ; Mantina et al , ; Oluwasola et al , ).…”

“…Several other studies from sub‐Saharan Africa (Table ) have also examined the relative frequencies of lymphoma subtypes (Lazzi et al , ; Parkin et al , ; Mwakigonja et al , ; Bolarinwa et al , ; Oluwasola et al , ), but most of these studies were conducted on a relatively small number of cases with highly variable results, making comparison difficult. In a Nigerian study (Oluwasola et al , ), the prevalence of lymphomas declined in the period from 1991 to 2005 despite an increase in HIV prevalence in the population. In contrast, a study from Tanzania (Mwakigonja et al , ) suggested an increase in lymphoma prevalence from 1997 to 2001 together with an increase in HIV prevalence.…”

“…A number of studies have reported on the distribution of NHL subtypes in different geographic regions around the world including North America (NA) (Anderson et al , ), Central and South America (CSA) (Laurini et al , ), Western Europe (WEU) (Anderson et al , ), the Middle East and North Africa (Almasri et al , ; Goldman et al , ; Ameen et al , ; Boudjerra et al , ), the Far East (Lymphoma Study Group of Japanese Pathologists, ; Lee et al , ; Gross et al , ), and Australia (van Leeuwen et al , ). In contrast, studies from sub‐Saharan Africa are relatively scarce in the literature and are frequently small in size (Lazzi et al , ; Parkin et al , ; Mwakigonja et al , ; Bolarinwa et al , ; Mantina et al , ; Oluwasola et al , ; Wiggill et al , ). The lack of accurate population‐based cancer registries in Africa poses a significant challenge to epidemiological research (Cainelli et al , ; Wiggill et al , ).…”

Incidence of Hodgkin lymphoma in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients at a tertiary hospital in South Africa (2005 - 2016) and comparison with other African countries

“…[3][4][5][6]8] The most common subtypes documented were CHL-MC and CHL-NS. [6,8] There are few epidemiological studies of HL in other African countries, with previous studies showing prevalences of HL between 0.5% and 2% of all malignancies, [10,11] 7 -12.5% of all lymphomas [12] and 7 -11% of all lymph node biopsies [13] investigated. HIV seropositivity ranged between 0% and 16%, [10][11][12][13][14] with some studies not testing for HIV owing to lack of availability of the means to do so.…”

“…[6,8] There are few epidemiological studies of HL in other African countries, with previous studies showing prevalences of HL between 0.5% and 2% of all malignancies, [10,11] 7 -12.5% of all lymphomas [12] and 7 -11% of all lymph node biopsies [13] investigated. HIV seropositivity ranged between 0% and 16%, [10][11][12][13][14] with some studies not testing for HIV owing to lack of availability of the means to do so. [10,11,13] A multi-African study [14] (n=52 cases) and a Nigerian study [11] (n=80) described CHL-MC and CHL-NS as the most common subtypes, whereas studies in Nigeria [13] (n=56) and Malawi [12] (n=31) recorded a predominance of CHL-MC and CHL-LD.…”