A Field Study of Soil Pulverization Energy by using Different Moldboards Types Under Various Operating Condition

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in the experiment field of Agricultural College, Basrah University, to study the effect of three types of moldboards i.e. helical, general purpose and digger moldboard, three tillage depths (15, 20 and 25 cm) and three forward speeds (4.37, 6.11 and 7.03 km h-1) on the draft force (DF), soil pulverization index (SPI), the specific energy (SE), the energy equivalent (EQE), and soil pulverization efficiency (SPE). Split-split plot with complete randomized block design with three replications were used in this study, and Least significant differences (LSD) was used to compare the means of treatments at 0.05 levels. The results showed there was a significant effect for moldboard types, plowing depths, plowing speeds and the interaction on all studied parameters. Whereas the digger moldboard type achieved the lower values of DF and SPI compared with the general purpose and helical moldboard types by percentage of 12.13 and 19.49% respectively and 16.37 and 50.61% respectively. However, the digger moldboard gave the highest value of SPE of 80%. The results Also, indicated to that the plowing depth and plowing speed had a significant effect on studied parameters when increasing the plowing depth by percentage 67% the DF and SPI increased by 137.27% and 30.46%, while the SE, the EQE and SPE reduced by 18.19, 17.80 and 2.70 % respectively. However, increasing the plowing speed by a percentage of 61%, the DF, SE, EQE, and SPE increased by 25.98, 45.11, 8.18 and 35.59% respectively, while the SPI decreased by 29.15%.

Ivy Geranium (Pelargonium peltatum (L.) L’Hér.) Plant Growth and Flowering as Affected by Mineral or Biofertilizer with or without Compost Amendment

“…These encouraging effects may result from increasing nutrient availability [45]; accelerating cell expansion and division via the synthesis and action of auxin, cytokinin (CK), and gibberellin (GA) [46]; and accelerating atmospheric N fixation, which is required for nucleic acid, protein, and chlorophyll synthesis along with enhancement of the photosynthetic rate and plant biomass accumulation and flowering attributes [47]. Additionally, the superior influence of biofertilizer application may be related to improving root system development and function due to auxin assimilation along with increasing plant water absorption [48,49]. Biofertilizer induces revitalization and accelerates the formation of the lateral root and surface area of absorption as well as the formation of auxin, which boosts the transfer of photoassimilates to the growing area, which is reflected in the weight of the flower and the flowering time of Gladiolus [50].…”