A field investigation of the relationship between oscillation ripple spacinng and the near-bottom water orbital motions

Miller, Martin C.; Komar, Paul D.

doi:10.2110/jsr.50.183

Cited by 123 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Nielsen formula (1981) Nielsen (1981) proposed the following equation for the ripple wave length based on the field data of Inman (1957), Dingler (1974), and Miller & Komar (1980): …”

Section: Appendix: Predictive Equations For Ripples Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the wave-related ripple characteristics and induced bed shear stress

Camenen¹

2009

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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A large data set on ripples was collected and examined. A set of new formulas for the prediction of the ripple characteristics is proposed with an emphasis on the disappearance of the ripples. The ripple wavelength was observed to be proportional to the bottom wave excursion but also to be a function of the grain-related Shields parameter and wave period parameter introduced by Mogridge et al. (1994). The ripple steepness was found to be nearly constant for orbital ripples, and with a sharp decrease for suborbital ripples. Two empirical functions are added including the effects of the critical Shields parameters (inception of transport and inception of sheet flow), i.e. giving the boundaries for the ripple existence's domain. The proposed formulas yield better prediction capabilities compared to the previously published formulas, especially when ripples are washed out. The effect of the ripple characteristics on the roughness height and the calculation of the bed shear stress is also discussed. It appeared that the bed shear stress calculation is more sensitive to the empirical coefficient a r introduced in the estimation of the ripple-induced roughness height or to the limits of existence of the ripples than the ripple characteristics themselves.

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“…Nielsen formula (1981) Nielsen (1981) proposed the following equation for the ripple wave length based on the field data of Inman (1957), Dingler (1974), and Miller & Komar (1980): …”

Section: Appendix: Predictive Equations For Ripples Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the wave-related ripple characteristics and induced bed shear stress

Camenen¹

2009

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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“…Previous laboratory studies such as those by Bagnold [1946], Carstens et al [1969], Mogridge and Kamphuis [1972], and Miller and Komar [1980a] and field studies such as those by Inman [1957], Dingler [1974], and Miller and Komar [1980b] have led to a wealth of data on ripple geometry that has been recently reexamined by Wiberg and Harris [1994]. Clifton and Dingler [1984] Most of the previous observations have been conducted by divers, which limits the temporal sampling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometry, migration, and evolution of wave orbital ripples at LEO‐15

Traykovski¹,

Hay²,

Irish³

et al. 1999

J. Geophys. Res.

225

302

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Abstract. Observations of the temporal evolution of the geometric properties and migration of wave-formed ripples are analyzed in terms of measured suspended sand profiles and water velocity measurements. Six weeks of bedform observations were taken at the sandy (medium to coarse sized sand) LEO-15 site located on Beach Haven ridge during the late summer of 1995 with an autonomous rotary sidescan sonar. During this period, six tropical storms, several of hurricane strength, passed to the east of the study site. Ripples with wavelengths of up to 100 cm and with 15 cm amplitudes were observed. The predominant ripples were found to be wave orbital scale ripples with ripple wavelengths equal to 3/4 of the wave orbital diameter. Although orbital diameters become larger than 130 cm during the maximum wave event, it is unclear if a transition to nonorbital scaling is occurring. Ripple migration is found to be directed primarily onshore at rates of up to 80 cm/day. Suspended transport due to wave motions, calculated by multiplying acoustic backscatter measurements of suspended sand concentrations by flow velocity measurements, are unable to account for a sufficient amount of sand transport to force ripple migration and are in the opposite direction to ripple migration. Thus it is hypothesized that the onshore ripple migration is due to unobserved bedload transport or near-bottom suspended transport. Bedload model calculations forced with measured wave velocities are able to predict the magnitude and direction of transport consistent with observed ripple migration rates. Sequences of ripple pattern temporal evolution are examined showing mechanisms for ripple directional change in response to changing wave direction, as well as ripple wavelength adjustment and erosion due to changing wave orbital diameter and relative wave-to-current velocities.

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“…Therefore, surface water waves of greater height (H) and length (L) produce greater orbital water velocity at the bottom, and thus greater disturbance of sediments, leaving a bottom signature characterized by greater length (λ) of sediment ripples (Miller & Komar 1980, Davies 1984.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical processes dominate in shaping invertebrate assemblages in reef-associated sediments of an exposed Hawaiian coast

DeFelice¹,

Parrish

2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The invertebrate assemblages in sediments bordering exposed fringing reefs at Hanalei Bay, Kauai, Hawaii, were examined during July to September 1994. Densities of invertebrate animals larger than 0.5 mm in sediments of the bay ranged from counts of 10 260 m -2 in the fine carbonate sands of the central bay to 870 m -2 in the habitat dominated by terrigenous silt near the reef edge close to the Hanalei river mouth. Similar sediment types supported broadly similar infaunal communities. Within the primarily carbonate sediments, mean grain size and wave exposure appear to have an important influence on the community. Taxonomic richness, number of individuals, and diversity showed significant negative relationships with exposure to wave energy (as estimated by sand ripple wavelength). The number of individuals was also significantly correlated with mean grain size. Overall, polychaetes and small crustaceans were numerically dominant among the major taxonomic groups investigated. Macrophagous and microphagous polychaetes had significant, but opposite, associations with grain size. In addition, microphagous polychaetes were significantly negatively correlated with wave exposure. No habitat variable measured could explain the variation in percent composition of crustaceans or echinoderms in the sedimentary habitats. The percentage of gastropods in the community was significantly negatively correlated with grain size, grain-size standard deviation and exposure, and positively with percent organic carbon. Bivalves were significantly positively associated with depth and grain size. These strong relationships imply that, in Hanalei Bay, physical processes are especially important in influencing assemblage structure, and that community structure and composition vary continuously along environmental gradients.

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A field investigation of the relationship between oscillation ripple spacinng and the near-bottom water orbital motions

Cited by 123 publications

References 9 publications

Estimation of the wave-related ripple characteristics and induced bed shear stress

Estimation of the wave-related ripple characteristics and induced bed shear stress

Geometry, migration, and evolution of wave orbital ripples at LEO‐15

Physical processes dominate in shaping invertebrate assemblages in reef-associated sediments of an exposed Hawaiian coast

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