A field investigation of physical and chemical mechanisms affecting
                        pollutant concentrations in fog droplets

Jacob, Daniel; Waldman, Jed M.; Munger, J. William; Hoffmann, Michael R.

doi:10.3402/tellusb.v36i4.14909

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Previous global model results, considering the contribution of SO 2 gas-phase oxidation and aqueous reactions in cloud or fog droplets driven by ozone (O 3 ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), have suggested that SO 2 mixing ratios are generally overestimated while sulfate concentrations tend to be underestimated, indicating that the two SO 2 3302 G. Li et al: Sulfate formation during haze days in China oxidation pathways still cannot close the gap between field observations and modeling studies (Kasibhatla et al, 1997;Laskin et al, 2003). Incorporation of aqueous SO 2 oxidation by oxygen catalyzed by transition metal ions in models has improved sulfate simulations compared to measurements (Jacob and Hoffmann, 1983;Jacob et al, 1984Jacob et al, , 1989Pandis et al, 1992;Alexander et al, 2009), and recent studies have further shown the enhanced role of transition metal ion catalysis during in-cloud oxidation of SO 2 (Harris et al, 2013). However, models still underestimate SO 2 oxidation in winter source regions due to lack of cloud or fog or a missing oxidation mechanism (Feichter et al, 1996;Kasibhatla et al, 1997;Barrie et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A possible pathway for rapid growth of sulfate during haze days in China

Li¹,

Bei²,

Cao³

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

198

110

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Abstract. Rapid industrialization and urbanization have caused frequent occurrence of haze in China during wintertime in recent years. The sulfate aerosol is one of the most important components of fine particles (PM 2.5 ) in the atmosphere, contributing significantly to the haze formation. However, the heterogeneous formation mechanism of sulfate remains poorly characterized. The relationships of the observed sulfate with PM 2.5 , iron, and relative humidity in Xi'an, China have been employed to evaluate the mechanism and to develop a parameterization of the sulfate heterogeneous formation involving aerosol water for incorporation into atmospheric chemical transport models. Model simulations with the proposed parameterization can successfully reproduce the observed sulfate rapid growth and diurnal variations in Xi'an and Beijing, China. Reasonable representation of sulfate heterogeneous formation in chemical transport models considerably improves the PM 2.5 simulations, providing the underlying basis for better understanding the haze formation and supporting the design and implementation of emission control strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A possible pathway for rapid growth of sulfate during haze days in China

Li¹,

Bei²,

Cao³

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

198

110

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show abstract

“…ey all form under breeze, high humidity, and static stability condition. Many studies indicated that the two can convert from one to the other [37][38][39]. Köhler [40] suggested that the haze aerosols can be transformed to fog droplets under certain conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Persistent Fog Event Involving Heavy Pollutants in Yancheng Area of Jiangsu Province

Zhu

Chengying

et al. 2018

Advances in Meteorology

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In the early December 2013, dense fog involving heavy pollutants lasted for 9 days in the Yancheng area. e characteristics, formation, and lasting mechanisms of this persistent fog were analyzed based on observational data at the Sheyang site, reanalysis data, and final analysis data from NCEP/NCAR, combining with the weather background and meteorological and physical variable fields. Results include that (1) the fog process was characterized by long duration, low visibility, and high pollutants concentration, (2) the atmospheric general circulation contributed to the sustainability and development of the heavily polluted fog, (3) deep inversion was the key thermal factor causing the heavily polluted fog, (4) the fog exhibited obvious outbreaks with good visibility weather turned to severe fog several times, and (5) the weak cold air invasion and radiative cooling were the triggering factors to the sudden enhancement of the fog.

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“…During the last few years it has been recognized that fog events play an important role in the formation and deposition of sulfate in the atmosphere [e.g. Munger et al, 1983, Jacob et al, 1984, 1987, Fuzzi et al, 1986. For example, in central Europe, lifetimes of fogs are sometimes quite long and fogs frequently last for several days during high pressure situations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A one‐dimensional numerical model to simulate formation and balance of sulfate during radiation fog events

Forkel¹,

Seidl²,

Dlugi³

et al. 1990

J. Geophys. Res.

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A one‐dimensional numerical model of the atmospheric boundary layer is coupled with a bulk phase aqueous chemistry model to simulate meteorological conditions, sulfate production, and pH values during radiation fog events. The boundary layer model includes prognostic equations for atmospheric temperature, specific humidity, liquid water content, wind speed, and the concentrations of the gas phase and liquid phase chemical reactants. Within the soil, temperature and liquid water content are predicted. A hybrid equilibrium and kinetic aqueous chemistry model is used to predict reactant concentrations in the fog water. The model is used to investigate the influence of soluble aerosol material and of trace gases on SO2 oxidation, on fog water pH, and on deposition fluxes due to sedimentation. As the meteorological conditions have an influence on fog height, liquid water content, and duration, not only the initial aerosol composition and the trace gas concentrations but also thermodynamic and dynamic conditions of the atmosphere and soil properties have an impact on liquid phase sulfate production during the fog event. With the exception of the dissipation stage, the turbulent transport of oxidants from aloft into the fog layer has only a small influence on the production of sulfate within a fog layer. An important mechanism for downward supply of fresh material is the rise of the fog top, followed by sedimentation of droplets. Sedimentation also results in the removal of a considerable amount of aerosol material from the fog layer.

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A field investigation of physical and chemical mechanisms affecting pollutant concentrations in fog droplets

Cited by 35 publications

References 36 publications

A possible pathway for rapid growth of sulfate during haze days in China

A possible pathway for rapid growth of sulfate during haze days in China

A Persistent Fog Event Involving Heavy Pollutants in Yancheng Area of Jiangsu Province

A one‐dimensional numerical model to simulate formation and balance of sulfate during radiation fog events

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