A field investigation of groundwater/surface water interaction in a fractured bedrock environment

Oxtobee, Jaime P.A; Novakowski, Kent

doi:10.1016/s0022-1694(02)00213-5

Cited by 77 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Streamflow can be measured using a current meter or with a tracer injection in the stream (Oxtobee and Novakowski 2002). Care must be taken to account for all other water fluxes into or out of the stream along the studied stretch (overland flow, tributaries, storm-sewer and tile-drain outfalls, etc.).…”

Section: Small-scale and Hydrometric Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrical conductivity and stable isotope concentrations (discussed in the following) in samples from multilevel piezometers were used to determine that groundwater discharge was minimal in the study area. Oxtobee and Novakowski (2002) also used stream and aquifer temperatures and electrical conductivity in Smithville, ON, Canada, to delineate and quantify groundwater discharge rates to Twenty Mile Creek and one of its tributaries, North Creek, mainly through a network of large horizontal bedrock fractures. The methodology was employed in combination with stable isotopic analyses (discussed in the following), seepage meters, head gradients measured in minipiezom-eters and streamflow measurements.…”

Section: Use Of Geochemistry and Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In settings where the stream flows directly on the fractured bedrock, groundwater discharge to streams may occur only in discrete locations associated with individual fractures (Oxtobee and Novakowski 2002). In such settings, stable isotopes can be used to help locate discharge points.…”

Section: Use Of Stable Isotopes 18 O and 2 Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such information is useful for proper siting of boreholes to protect ecologically sensitive areas. Oxtobee and Novakowski (2002) used 2 H and 18 O concentrations in water samples in conjunction with many other methods (as described previously) to investigate and quantify exchanges between surface water and a fractured-bedrock aquifer along a 5-km stretch of Twenty Mile Creek near Smithville, ON, Canada. Precipitation samples were collected during seven storm events over a 10-month period to develop a local meteoric water line.…”

Section: Use Of Stable Isotopes 18 O and 2 Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: Groundwater management and groundwater/surface-water interaction in the context of South African water policy

Levy

2011

Hydrogeol J

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Groundwater/surface-water interaction is receiving increasing focus in Africa due to its importance to ecologic systems and sustainability. In South Africa's 1998 National Water Act (NWA), water-use licenses, including groundwater, are granted only after defining the Reserve, the amount of water needed to supply basic human needs and preserve some ecological integrity. Accurate quantification of groundwater contributions to ecosystems for successful implementation of the NWA proves challenging; many of South Africa's aquifers are in heterogeneous and anisotropic fractured-rock settings. This paper reviews the current conceptualizations and investigative approaches regarding groundwater/surface-water interactions in the context of South African policies. Some selected pitfall experiences are emphasized. The most common approach in South Africa is estimation of average annual fluxes at the scale of fourth-order catchments (~500 km 2 ) with base flow separation techniques and then subtracting the groundwater discharge rate from the recharge rate. This approach might be a good start, but it ignores spatial and temporal variability, potentially missing local impacts associated with production-well placement. As South Africa's NWA has already been emulated in many countries including Zambia, Zimbabwe and Kenya, the successes and failures of the South African experience dealing with the groundwater/surface-water interaction will be analyzed to guide future policy directions.

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Section: Small-scale and Hydrometric Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Use Of Geochemistry and Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Use Of Stable Isotopes 18 O and 2 Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Use Of Stable Isotopes 18 O and 2 Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: Groundwater management and groundwater/surface-water interaction in the context of South African water policy

Levy

2011

Hydrogeol J

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“…In some cases, groundwater flow direction might jointly be influenced by both the topography and geological structures (Orabone, 1997;Mallast et al, 2011). However, in the Basement Complex terrain, the influence of topography and geological structures on groundwater flow pattern also depends on the physicochemical characteristics of the bedrocks (Oxtobee and Novakowski, 2002;Sophocleous, 2002;Conant, 2004). For instance, in the fractured terrain of Oak Ridge in Tennessee, USA, Solomon et al (1992) observed that more than 90% of the groundwater flowed in the basal region of the weathered profile, discharging into streams without any contact with the fractured rocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Groundwater Flow System of a Drainage Basin in the Basement Complex Environment of Southwestern Nigera

Akinwumiju

Olorunfemi

2018

Proc. Int. Cartogr. Assoc.

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Abstract:This study attempted to model the groundwater flow system of a drainage basin within the Basement Complex environment of Southwestern Nigeria. Four groundwater models were derived from Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) Data, remotely sensed data, geological information (hydrolineaments and lithology) and borehole data. Subsequently, two sub-surface (local and regional) flow systems were delineated in the study area. While the local flow system is controlled by surface topography, the regional flow system is controlled by the networks of intermediate and deep seated faults/fractures. The local flow system is characterized by convergence, divergence, inflow and outflow in places, while the regional flow system is dominated by NNE-SSW and W-E flow directions. Minor flow directions include NNW-SSE and E-W with possible linkages to the main flow-paths. The NNE-SSW regional flow system is a double open ended flow system with possible linkage to the Niger Trough. The W-E regional flow system is a single open ended system that originates within the study area (with possible linkage to the NNE-SSW regional flow system) and extends to Ikogosi in the adjoining drainage basin. Thus, the groundwater drainage basin of the study area is much larger and extensive than its surface drainage basin. The all year round flowing (perennial) rivers are linked to groundwater outcrops from faults/fractures and contact zones. Consequently, larger percentage of annual rainwater usually leaves the basin in form of runoff and base flow. Therefore, the basin is categorized as a donor basin but with suspected subsurface water input at its northeastern axis.

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Shallow, old, and hydrologically insignificant fault zones in the Appalachian orogen

Malgrange

Gleeson

2014

JGR Solid Earth

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The permeability of fault zones impacts diverse geological processes such as hydrocarbon migration, hydrothermal fluid circulation, and regional groundwater flow, yet how fault zones affect groundwater flow at a regional scale (1-10 km) is highly uncertain. The objective of this work is to determine whether faults affect regional patterns of groundwater flow, by using radioactive radon and chloride to quantify groundwater discharge to lakes underlain by faults and not underlain by faults. We sampled lakes overlying the Paleozoic Appalachian fold and thrust belt in the Eastern Townships in Québec, and compared our results to a previous study in a crystalline watershed in the Canadian Shield. The field data was analyzed with an analytical geochemical mixing model. The uncertainties of model parameters were assessed in a sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulation, and the difference between lakes tested with statistical analysis. While the model results indicate non-negligible groundwater discharge for most of the lakes in the Paleozoic orogen, the difference between the groundwater discharge rate into the lakes located on faults and the other lakes is not statistically significant. However, the groundwater discharge rate to lakes in the Paleozoic orogeny is significantly higher than lakes that overlay crystalline bedrock, which is consistent with independent estimates of permeability. The rate of groundwater discharge is not significantly enhanced or diminished around the thrust fault zones, suggesting that in a regional scale, permeability of fault zones is not significantly different from the bedrock permeability at shallow depth in this old, tectonically-inactive orogen.

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A field investigation of groundwater/surface water interaction in a fractured bedrock environment

Cited by 77 publications

References 16 publications

Review: Groundwater management and groundwater/surface-water interaction in the context of South African water policy

Review: Groundwater management and groundwater/surface-water interaction in the context of South African water policy

Modeling Groundwater Flow System of a Drainage Basin in the Basement Complex Environment of Southwestern Nigera

Shallow, old, and hydrologically insignificant fault zones in the Appalachian orogen

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