A field investigation into the effect of sewage effluent and general water quality on selected immunological indicators in carp (Cyprinus carpioL.)

Price, Michael A.; Jurd, Richard D.; Mason, C. F.

doi:10.1006/fsim.1996.0074

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Thus, this response is more likely related to the effects of toxicants within the effluent. This finding is in contrast with a study by Price et al (1997), who found a significant reduction in the proliferative responses of T-and B-lymphocytes in carp (C. carpio) exposed to effluent-receiving river water in southeast UK.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent, is difficult to assess and has received relatively little scientific attention. A field study in southeast UK has shown reduced lymphocyte proliferation and lower serum lysozyme activity in carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to river water for 47 days compared to a reference water site (Price et al, 1997). Reduced erythrocyte, granulocyte and lymphocyte numbers in cardiac blood, as well as lower blood cell phagocytic activity have been observed in goldfish (Carassius auratus), exposed to treated sewage in a laboratory experiment (Kakuta, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effects of treated sewage effluent on immune function in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

et al. 2004

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In this study, the immune reactions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined, after exposure to 10, 30 and 70% of tertiary-treated municipal sewage effluent for 27 days. Exposures were conducted concurrently with and without an immune challenge using intraperitoneal injections of inactivated Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida. Due to the time required to prepare and analyse samples, fish sampling was conducted over two consecutive days. There was no trout mortality for any of the experimental treatments. The exposure to effluent increased in vitro lymphocyte proliferation, decreased circulating lymphocytes and increased degrading erythrocytes in peripheral blood samples. Circulating lymphocytes were only decreased in the sham-injected, but not in the A. salmonicida-injected group. In addition to effluent effects, circulating lymphocytes and lymphocyte proliferation were decreased on day 2 of sampling as compared to day 1. Concentration-dependent degradation of erythrocytes was only observed on day 2 of sampling. Capture and removal of trout on day 1 of sampling presumably caused low-level stress that affected some results on day 2. Oxidative burst, phagocytosis, lysozyme, leucocyte populations other than lymphocytes and A. salmonicida-specific IgM production were not affected by exposure to effluent, and of these parameters, only oxidative burst and total leucocytes showed sampling day effects. From these results it can be observed, that with the exception of oxidative burst, those variables affected by effluent exposure were also significantly changed by the low-level sampling stress imposed by staggered sampling. Elevated liver mixed-function oxygenase activity as measured by 7-ethoxyresorufin-Odeethylase activity, and increased bile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites were observed in response to sewage effluent exposure. As both PAHs and stress are known immune suppressors, it is difficult to conclude whether or not changes in immune parameters due to effluent exposure were caused by the direct action of chemicals, or were due to a general stress response.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of treated sewage effluent on immune function in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

et al. 2004

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“…Aaltonen et al (2000) exposed roach to primary and secondary treated kraft mill effluents in laboratory and noticed that inhibitory effect for immunity was more obvious in male than female roach. Also in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and carp (Cyprinius carpio L.) immunity responses were suppressed when exposed to sewage effluents (Hoeger, et al 2005;Price, et al 1997), and interestingly female rainbow trout experienced more severe immunosuppression than males (Hoeger, et al 2005). Endrocrine disrupting substances in the effluent can also affect by suppressing immunity of fish (Savino and Dardenne 1995;Watanuki, et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, even though HSP70 expression levels were somewhat higher in 15 % and 1.5 % exposure groups than in 0 % exposure group the difference was not statistically significant so one might conclude that there were no obvious differences in cellular level stress in fish between exposure groups. Though, immune system of fish has been shown to be affected when exposed to effluents (Aaltonen, et al 2000;Fatima, et al 2001;Hoeger, et al 2005) and possible immunosuppression could be also due the direct consequences of exposure to immunotoxic substances in the effluent (Price, et al 1997). Hence, HSP70 expression has been shown to be induced by several environmental contaminants in fish (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of treated effluents on the intensity of papillomatosis and HSP70 expression in roach

Korkea-Aho

Vehniäinen

Kukkonen

et al. 2008

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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The effects of treated effluents on the intensity of papillomatosis and HSP70 expression in roach Korkea-aho, Tiina L.; Vehniäinen, Eeva-Riikka; Kukkonen, Jussi V. K.; Taskinen, Jouni Korkea-aho, T. L., Vehniäinen, E.-R., Kukkonen, J. V. K., & Taskinen, J. (2008). The effects of treated effluents on the intensity of papillomatosis and HSP70 expression in roach. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 70 (3), 462-468. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.03 AbstractConnection between contaminants and papillomatosis in fish has been observed in field studies but experimental evidences are scarce. We studied changes in intensity of epidermal papillomatosis in roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) after exposure to treated pulp mill and municipal effluents in two experiments (1 and 2). Moreover, relative amount of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was analyzed in Experiment 2 to evaluate cellular level stress response in fish. At the Experiment 2 the highest papillomatosis intensity change was in male roach exposed to 15 % concentration of treated municipal effluent and was significantly higher than in 1.5 % effluent exposed male, but not significantly higher than in 0 % effluent exposed control male. Interestingly, the increasing effect of effluents seemed to be more pronounced in male fish than in females in all the experiments conducted. This could indicate endocrine disrupting substances in the effluents. There were no differences in HSP70 expression between exposure groups. Present results indicate that treated municipal effluents can promote papillomatosis in fish in environmentally relevant concentrations.

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Estrogenic potency of effluent from two sewage treatment works in the United Kingdom

Harries

Janbakhsh

Jobling

et al. 1999

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

147

120

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Rainbow trout were exposed for 3 weeks (in a flow‐through system) to various dilutions of treated effluent (25, 50, 75, and 100%) from Harpenden and Chelmsford sewage treatment works (STW) during November 1994 and August 1996, respectively, and the induction of plasma vitellogenin was measured. Significant (p < 0.05) increases in plasma vitellogenin concentrations occurred in fish held in effluent from Harpenden STW at concentrations of 50% and above. At Chelmsford STW, the effluent appeared to be more potent, causing induction of vitellogenin in fish at concentrations as low as 25% (compared with 50% for the Harpenden effluent). Exposure to lower concentrations of effluent emanating from Chelmsford in April of the following year indicated that estrogenic activity was diluted to no‐effect levels at this STW at concentrations between 12 and 25%.

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A field investigation into the effect of sewage effluent and general water quality on selected immunological indicators in carp (Cyprinus carpioL.)

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of treated sewage effluent on immune function in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Effects of treated sewage effluent on immune function in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The effects of treated effluents on the intensity of papillomatosis and HSP70 expression in roach

Estrogenic potency of effluent from two sewage treatment works in the United Kingdom

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