“…To date, most avian embryological studies have been in the chicken and have used Hamburger and Hamilton's (1951) article on chicken development. This classic article has been the main source of embryo staging information for nearly all species of birds for over 60 years and has provided the foundation for virtually all subsequent embryo staging work on precocial birds including the Wood Duck ( Aix sponsa , Montgomery et al, ), Canada Goose ( Branta Canadensis , Cooper and Batt, ), Northern Bobwhite ( Colinus virginianus , Hendrickx and Hanzlik, ), Ring‐Necked Pheasant ( Phasianus colchicus , Fant, ), and Domestic Turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo , Mun and Kosin,1960), as well as the semi‐precocial Adelie Penguin ( Pygoscelis adeliae , Herbert, ). However, the progress of development can be quite different between commonly studied precocial species, such as chickens and altricial species such as songbirds (Ricklefs and Starck, ; Blom and Lilja, ).…”