A Field and Modeling Study to Determine Pesticide Occurrence in a Public Water Supply in Northern England, UK

Stuart, Marianne; Gooddy, Daren C.; Hughes, Andrew; Jackson, C. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00113.x

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…A potentially significant limitation of the NPSAT framework is the assumption of steady state flow condition. While seasonal variations are likely to have limited impact on the analysis [ Stuart et al , 2006], longer term changes, particularly in recharge dynamics, cannot be accounted for in the NPSAT. Such long‐term changes in groundwater dynamics are intrinsically associated with many semiarid and arid groundwater basins, which experienced a significant change in recharge pattern during the 20th century, as they converted from natural landscapes or extensive agriculture to irrigated landscapes with intensive agriculture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A groundwater nonpoint source pollution modeling framework to evaluate long‐term dynamics of pollutant exceedance probabilities in wells and other discharge locations

Kourakos¹,

Klein²,

Cortis³

et al. 2012

Water Resources Research

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[1] Understanding the long-term effect of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution on groundwater of agricultural regions is an increasing challenge of global importance. A novel groundwater modeling framework is developed to assess and evaluate the dynamic, spatio-temporally distributed linkages between nonpoint sources above a groundwater basin and groundwater discharges to wells, streams, or other compliance discharge surfaces (CDSs) within a groundwater basin. The modeling framework allows for efficient evaluation of NPS pollution scenarios and of their short-and long-term effects on pollutant exceedance probabilities in CDSs. Using the model, we investigate the effect of aquifer heterogeneity, well design variability, and spatio-temporal nitrate source variability on nitrate in domestic and large production wells of a semiarid, irrigated agricultural region. Results show that the timing of nitrate breakthrough in wells is significantly controlled by aquifer recharge and pumping rates in NPS areas and by the effective porosity of the aquifer system. Results further show that mixing within a domestic or large production well is a dominant source of dispersive behavior in pollutant breakthrough. In production wells with shorter screens, macrodispersivity due to aquifer heterogeneity accelerates the earliest breakthrough. Variability in well construction and spatio-temporal variability of nitrate sources most strongly control the temporal dynamics of the nitrate exceedance probability and the variability of nitrate between wells, regardless of the degree of aquifer heterogeneity. Hence, characterization of the heterogeneity of external sources and sinks is critical to understand variability and uncertainty about nonpoint source pollution in groundwater discharge locations across basins.Citation: Kourakos, G., F. Klein, A. Cortis, and T. Harter (2012), A groundwater nonpoint source pollution modeling framework to evaluate long-term dynamics of pollutant exceedance probabilities in wells and other discharge locations, Water Resour. Res., 48, W00L13,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A groundwater nonpoint source pollution modeling framework to evaluate long‐term dynamics of pollutant exceedance probabilities in wells and other discharge locations

Kourakos¹,

Klein²,

Cortis³

et al. 2012

Water Resources Research

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“…(Stuart et al 2006). A summary of the 251 recharge model is provided by Hughes et al (2003) and the groundwater flow model 252…”

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confidence: 99%

Groundwater resource modelling for public water supply management in London

Jones

Hughes

Jackson

et al. 2012

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“…At the catchment area level, soil types, variability of the topsoil cover and depth to groundwater are significant factors affecting pesticide leaching into the aquifer [38]. While these factors were well-known at the treated field level during the time of use, on the catchment level in the context of long use histories several assumptions needed to be made for modeling (e.g., recharge, cropping after time of considered application).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural attenuation along subsurface flow paths based on modeling and monitoring of a pesticide metabolite from three case studies

Herrmann¹,

Sur

2021

Environ Sci Eur

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Background Groundwater—especially for the use as drinking water—is a strictly protected resource in the existing guidelines for pesticide registration and drinking water protection in the EU. One aspect that has hardly played a role in this context so far is the attenuation of pesticide concentrations along the flow path from the regulatory leaching concentration at a depth of 1 m below the applied field to raw water abstraction systems. The soil metabolite N,N-dimethylsulfamide (DMS) is formed from two fungicidal substances: tolylfluanid and dichlofluanid. According to the EU guidance document on relevant metabolites in groundwater, DMS is a “non-relevant” metabolite. However, long-term application of the two active substances on permanent crops has resulted in elevated and quantifiable amounts of DMS in groundwater catchment areas of water supplying plants. Therefore, in the case of DMS, substantial monitoring data is available. This enables in combination with groundwater modeling, a quantitative analysis of the natural attenuation of DMS concentrations over time and distance. To this end, extensive real-world data from three case studies of drinking water catchment areas in Germany were analyzed. Results The environmental fate of DMS in soil and groundwater was evaluated according to the respective data determined at the study sites. Analyses using monitoring data and combined modeling approaches as well, were performed to obtain comparable results. These merged outcomes from monitoring and modeling show total attenuation factors of 12–93 from leachate at 1 m depth down to monitoring wells—close to raw water collection. If concentration attenuation further downwards to collected raw water is considered, the overall attenuation factor is even higher (40–246). Conclusions The conditions at the catchment areas of the three case studies are very diverse, thus providing a wide range of attenuating conditions. When following the path of DMS from its formation in soil below a treated field, to its leaching into the aquifer, and within the aquifer down to the raw water collection site, its concentration in water is continuously and consistently decreasing. The results from DMS represent conservative estimations due to non-sorptive, quick transport processes. Extended to other sorptive solutes, it represents the lower end of expected attenuation. Therefore, natural pesticide concentration attenuation processes are suggested for the consideration in regulatory pesticide risk assessments for a more realistic yet still protective evaluation of expected concentrations in raw water.

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A Field and Modeling Study to Determine Pesticide Occurrence in a Public Water Supply in Northern England, UK

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

A groundwater nonpoint source pollution modeling framework to evaluate long‐term dynamics of pollutant exceedance probabilities in wells and other discharge locations

A groundwater nonpoint source pollution modeling framework to evaluate long‐term dynamics of pollutant exceedance probabilities in wells and other discharge locations

Groundwater resource modelling for public water supply management in London

Natural attenuation along subsurface flow paths based on modeling and monitoring of a pesticide metabolite from three case studies

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