A fiber-optic probe to measure precombustion in-cylinder fuel-air ratio fluctuations in production engines

Hall, Matthew J.; Koenig, Michael

doi:10.1016/s0082-0784(96)80095-6

Cited by 37 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Several researchers have developed single-ended probes for studying IC-engines via IR-LAS [248,249,42,250,241,242]. Hall and Koenig [248] were the first to implement IR fibers into a spark-plug probe (similar to that shown in Figure 19) for delivering and receiving IR light. The authors used a broadband IR source to monitor the absorption of fuel from 3.3 to 3.5 μm, thereby enabling monitoring of the fuel-air ratio near the spark plug.…”

Section: Probe-based Single-ended Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infrared laser-absorption sensing for combustion gases

Goldenstein

Spearrin

Jeffries

et al. 2017

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

516

197

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Infrared laser-absorption spectroscopy (IR-LAS) sensors play an important role in diagnosing and characterizing a wide range of combustion systems. Of all the laser-diagnostic techniques, LAS is arguably the most versatile and quantitative, as it has been used extensively to provide quantitative, species-specific measurements of gas temperature, pressure, composition and velocity in both laboratory-and industrial-scale systems. Historically, most IR-LAS work has been conducted using tunable diode lasers, however, today's researchers have access to a wide range of light sources that provide unique sensing capabilities and convenient access to nearly the entire IR spectrum (≈1 to 20 μm). In particular, the advent of room-temperature wavelength-tunable mid-infrared semiconductor lasers (e.g., interband-and quantum-cascade lasers) and hyperspectral light sources (e.g., Fourierdomain mode-locked lasers, dispersed supercontinuum lasers, and frequency combs) has provided a number of unique capabilities that combustion researchers have exploited. The primary goal of this review paper is to document the recent development, application, and current capabilities of IR-LAS sensors for laboratory-and industrial-scale combustors and propulsion systems. A thorough review and description of the fundamental spectroscopy governing the accuracy of such sensors, and recent findings and databases that enable improved modeling of molecular absorption spectra will be provided. Modern light sources and the most commonly used diagnostic techniques are also discussed.

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Section: Probe-based Single-ended Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As discussed in Section 6.4, several researchers have developed LAS sensors integrated into spark plugs [248,249,42,250,241]. Since these sensors have already been discussed, this section will focus on non-intrusive line-of-sight sensors for measurements of gas properties in IC-engine systems.…”

Section: Sensors For Ic Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared laser-absorption sensing for combustion gases

Goldenstein

Spearrin

Jeffries

et al. 2017

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

516

197

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“…However uncertainty remains concerning the specific behavior of unburned fuel in the vicinity of a wall. Recently, the infrared laser absorption method has been employed to measure in situ fuel concentrations for the combustion diagnostics of burner flames and engines (8)- (17) . In the present study, the near-wall fuel concentration distribution and that in the quenching layer was investigated using infrared absorption as a non-contact measurement method to obtain fine resolution of time and space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Fuel Concentration in the Vicinity of the Combustion Chamber Surface by Infrared Laser Absorption Method

Ishizawa

Aoki

Annaka

et al. 2010

JTST

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The concentration of unburned fuel in the quenching layer on the single surface of a combustion chamber is measured by the infrared laser absorption method. The combustion chamber is divided into two compartments by a partition that has two holes covered with fine-meshed stainless gauze. After a propane-air mixture is ignited by a spark plug, a flame develops and quenches at the quenching block on the partition in the upper compartment. The mixture in the lower compartment remains unburned, but both compartments are at the same pressure. Two laser beams are introduced into the chamber; one is used to measure the fuel concentration near the quenching block (quenching wall) in the upper compartment and the other is used to measure the mixture concentration in the lower compartment. The fuel concentration near the surface of the quenching wall is obtained by analyzing the intensities of the two laser beams. A quenching layer is observed immediately after the flame reaches the quenching wall that is so thin that the thickness of the preheat zone of the flame overlaps each other and the fuel concentration in the quenching layer is very low. A little fuel then diffuses into the burned gas, but almost all the fuel stays near the quenching plate surface. The quantity of fuel remaining in the quenching layer at the time of flame extinction was lowest with an equivalence ratio of about 1.2, which is inconsistent with the characteristics exhibited by the quenching layer thickness.

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“…The infrared absorption technique has been also used by Yoshiyama et al [6] to measure the equivalence ratio of a combustible mixture across a spark gap. Hall and Koenig [7] developed a spark plug probe supplied by infrared optical fibres to measure the instantaneous propane/air equivalence ratio near the spark plug in an engine cylinder. In [5][6][7] the length of the absorption path was relatively large (6-8 mm), being a compromise between the sensitivity and the spatial resolution of the method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hall and Koenig [7] developed a spark plug probe supplied by infrared optical fibres to measure the instantaneous propane/air equivalence ratio near the spark plug in an engine cylinder. In [5][6][7] the length of the absorption path was relatively large (6-8 mm), being a compromise between the sensitivity and the spatial resolution of the method. It is worth noting that during combustion tests optical elements became dirty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the local equivalence ratio of methane/air mixtures by spark diagnostics

Bellenoue¹,

Kageyama

Labuda

2003

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Determination of local equivalence ratio by spark diagnostics has been successfully realized. It was found that the rate of current growth during breakdown (or time derivative of current, dI/dt) depends on the methane content in its mixture with air. This effect was used to detect the local equivalence ratio in the zone of the spark electrodes during the injection of methane into air. The relationship between the inductive voltage Ui, detected in measuring circuit and related to dI/dt, and the value of equivalence ratio was initially obtained with quiescent methane/air mixtures of different methane contents. The results obtained with spark diagnostics in dynamic conditions have been validated by a misfiring study. The main advantage of the diagnostics applied is that equivalence ratio monitoring is carried out directly over a spark plug gap and the same electrodes are used both for diagnostics and for ignition.

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A fiber-optic probe to measure precombustion in-cylinder fuel-air ratio fluctuations in production engines

Cited by 37 publications

References 1 publication

Infrared laser-absorption sensing for combustion gases

Infrared laser-absorption sensing for combustion gases

Measurement of Fuel Concentration in the Vicinity of the Combustion Chamber Surface by Infrared Laser Absorption Method

Determination of the local equivalence ratio of methane/air mixtures by spark diagnostics

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