A fiber matrix model of capillary permeability

Curry, F. E.; Michel, C. C.

doi:10.1016/0026-2862(80)90024-2

Cited by 364 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Consisting of a highly hydrated mesh of membraneassociated proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins and glycolipids [12,13], the glycocalyx is present on the endothelial surface layer and within the intercellular cleft; it is not merely an inert intercellular cement as once thought [14], but understood to be a very dynamic structure. The possible existence of an ordered structure was first proposed by Curry and Michel [15] to explain why there is a sharp break in the solute permeability versus Stokes-Einstein relationship for molecules the size of albumin [16]. The ability to selectively allow passage of water and solutes across the vessel wall is described in terms of the spacing between the fibres of the glycocalyx (i.e.…”

Section: Reflection Coefficient (σ)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Role for the Endothelial Glycocalyx in Regulating Microvascular Permeability in Diabetes Mellitus

Perrin

Harper

Bates

2007

Cell Biochem Biophys

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Diabetic angiopathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus. Endothelial dysfunction and associated alterations in blood flow, pressure and permeability are widely accepted phenomena in the diabetic milieu and are understood to lead to microangiopathy. Despite the clinical importance of diabetic microangiopathy, the mechanisms of pathogenesis remain elusive. In particular, much is yet to be understood about the nature of the putative increased permeability with respect to diabetes. Microvessel permeability is intrinsically difficult to measure and a surrogate (solute or solvent flux) is usually reported, the measurement of which is hampered by haemodynamic factors, such as flow rate, hydrostatic pressure gradient, solute concentration and surface area available for exchange. Very few studies describing the measurement of permeability with respect to diabetes have controlled for all these factors. As a result, the nature of the increased microvessel permeability in diabetes mellitus and indeed its causes are poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that hyperglycaemia can alter the glycocalyx structure, and parallel findings have shown that the apparent increase in permeability demonstrated in hyperglycaemia may be due to an increase in the permeability of the vessels to water, and not an increase in protein permeability, an effect attributable to altered glycocalyx. This review focuses on the current understanding of microvascular permeability in terms of the endothelial glycocalyxfibre-matrix theory, those methods used to determine permeability in the context of diabetes, and the more recent developments in our understanding of elevated microvascular permeability in the diabetic circulation.

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Section: Reflection Coefficient (σ)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Role for the Endothelial Glycocalyx in Regulating Microvascular Permeability in Diabetes Mellitus

Perrin

Harper

Bates

2007

Cell Biochem Biophys

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“…There is accumulating evidence that the endothelial glycocalyx is also a significant determinant of vascular permeability (Curry & Michel, 1980 ;Simionescu & Simionescu, 1984 ;Vorbrodt, 1988Vorbrodt, ,1994. The glycocalyx mainly comprises oligosaccharide moieties of plasmalemmal glycoproteins, and the notion that these fibrous macromolecules can influence permeability is encompassed in the ' fibre-matrix model ' (Curry & Michel, 1980 ;Michel, 1988Michel, , 1996.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The glycocalyx mainly comprises oligosaccharide moieties of plasmalemmal glycoproteins, and the notion that these fibrous macromolecules can influence permeability is encompassed in the ' fibre-matrix model ' (Curry & Michel, 1980 ;Michel, 1988Michel, , 1996. In the fibre-matrix model the endothelial glycocalyx is proposed to act as a molecular sieve which can differentiate between molecules on the basis of their size.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial glycoconjugates: a comparative lectin study of the brain, retina and myocardium

et al. 2000

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There is evidence that the endothelial cell (EC) glycocalyx is a significant determinant of vascular permeability, acting as a charge-size filter to permeant molecules. We have therefore examined its oligosaccharide composition in 3 classes of microvessel with differing permeabilities. EC in rat brain, retina and myocardium were labelled with a panel of lectins and subjected to a semiquantitative analysis. Surprisingly, no substantial differences were evident for any lectin labelling between the 3 microvessel types despite their marked morphophysiological diversity. In particular, all showed substantial sialic acid expression, with Maackia amurensis (MAA) labelling sialic acid in an α2-3 linkage to β-galactose and Sambucus nigra (SNA) recognising sialic acid in an α2-6 linkage to β-galactose. Arachis hypogaea (PNA) binding after neuraminidase digestion indicated the presence of Gal β1-3GalNAc attached to terminal sialic acid. The results therefore show that the sequences NeuNAc α2-3Gal β1-3GalNAc and NeuNAc α2-6Gal β1-3GalNAc are strongly expressed in the 3 microvessel types irrespective of their permeability properties. This homogeneity suggests that these lectin ligands may be involved in a common set of EC functions, e.g. cell :cell and cell :matrix interactions. However, we cannot rule out the possibility that glycocalyx differences may exist between vessels in the paracellular cleft which may alter its filtration properties.

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“…Microvessel permeability also has been associated with the luminal glycocalyx (Baldwin and Thurston, 2001;Curry and Michel, 1980;Michel and Curry, 1999). van den Berg et al (2003) used hyaluronidase to target hyaluronan, a component of the glycocalyx, and demonstrated that enzyme digestion not only decreased thickness of the glycocalyx, but also increased the pericapillary space, indicative of myocardial tissue edema.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in shear stress (Δτ)/hydraulic conductivity (Lp) relationship after pronase treatment of individual capillaries in situ

Williams

2007

Microvascular Research

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A complex glycoprotein meshwork covers the inner wall of blood vessels and is implicated in mechanotransduction of fluid shear stress (τ). A relationship between Δτ and capillary L p has been established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate L p in response to Δτ after exposing the capillary lumen to a mild, non-specific protease selected to disrupt its inner matrix. We hypothesized that L p would not correlate with Δτ after enzyme treatment. Frogs (Rana pipiens, n=69) were pithed and the mesentery was exteriorized. L p was assessed at 30 cm H 2 O using the modified Landis technique after an abrupt, square wave Δτ produced by a physiologically relevant increase in pressure. Perfusate solutions were 10 mg·ml −1 BSA/frog Ringer's (Control) or 0.1 mg·ml −1 pronase in BSA/Ringer's (1 min) then BSA/Ringer's alone (Test). Mean (±SE) control L p following Δτ was 2.2±0.2 x 10 −7 cm·s −1 ·cm H 2 O-1 and individual values correlated positively with Δτ (r=0.85, P<0.0001, n=41). After pronase, mean Test L p (17.6±2.5 x 10 −7 cm·s −1 ·cm H 2 O-1) was higher compared to control and Δτ/L p plots revealed two subsets of capillaries. L p correlated strongly with Δτ in capillaries with diameters ≤ 15 m (r=0.91, P=0.0006, n=14) and also in a second subset of capillaries with diameters >15 m (r=0.96, P=0.0001, n=8). Slopes were 3.9-and 8.7-fold higher, respectively, compared to control. These data suggest a protective role for luminal constituents of intact capillaries. Mechanisms involved in capillary responses to flow-induced, mechanical stimuli may be located in the cellular structures that form capillaries.

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A fiber matrix model of capillary permeability

Cited by 364 publications

References 11 publications

A Role for the Endothelial Glycocalyx in Regulating Microvascular Permeability in Diabetes Mellitus

A Role for the Endothelial Glycocalyx in Regulating Microvascular Permeability in Diabetes Mellitus

Endothelial glycoconjugates: a comparative lectin study of the brain, retina and myocardium

Change in shear stress (Δτ)/hydraulic conductivity (Lp) relationship after pronase treatment of individual capillaries in situ

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