A fiber laser intracavity absorption spectroscopy (FLICAS) sensor for simultaneous measurement of CO and CO2 concentrations and temperature

Design of Two-Mode Spectroscopic Sensor for Biomedical Applications: Analysis and Measurement of Relative Intensity Noise through Control Mechanism

“…On account of this fact, investigation hereby reveals that this technique is extremely susceptible even to little changes in the material [20,21], in contrast with intercavity spectroscopy, as said material is put within the cavity. This phenomenon can be used to understand minute variations in said substance, after being placed inside the laser cavity [22,23]. This is a very tempting behaviour which can be extrapolated in a biomedical sensor.…”

All Single-Mode-Fiber Supercontinuum Source Setup for Monitoring of Multiple Gases Applications

“…Many of these setups are based on a spectroscopic absorption principle since atoms absorb light at specific wavelengths [9]. There are different techniques that are based on this principle and are used for gas monitoring and sensing such as: Tunable Diode-Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], Tunable Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TLAS) [19][20][21], Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) [19,22,23], Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (CEAS) [24], Fiber Laser Intracavity Absorption Spectroscopy (FLICAS) [25,26], gas cell with coreless fiber optic [27,28], or measurement of the incident and transmitted intensity of light travelling through a medium [29,30]. Some of these techniques use laser diodes, lasers, or tunable lasers for their high output power, narrow wavelength, and high resolution, however the poor stability of these parameters and the narrow measurable bandwidth limit the applicability of devices based on these techniques since they are tuned to detect and measure only certain absorption peaks of the molecule.…”

“…Some of these techniques use laser diodes, lasers, or tunable lasers for their high output power, narrow wavelength, and high resolution, however the poor stability of these parameters and the narrow measurable bandwidth limit the applicability of devices based on these techniques since they are tuned to detect and measure only certain absorption peaks of the molecule. Therefore, broad spectrum sources, such as those reported using Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) sources [25,26,[31][32][33], Super-luminescent Diodes (SLD) [29,30,34,35], Xenon arc lamps [36,37], and supercontinuum (SC) sources [34,35,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49], are alternative sources that can be used to detect and measure the concentration of a pure gas or mixtures of gases. SC sources are built using a fiber laser pump and fiber optic [46] and are particularly useful given their wide bandwidth and output power when compared to ASE and SLD sources [34].…”

Simultaneous Measurements of CO and CO2 Employing Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy Using a Signal Averaging Technique at 1.578 μm

“…In 2012, Cai et al 19 demonstrated minimum detectable concentrations at 1000 K of 280 ppm and 250 ppm for CO 2 and CO, respectively. Cheskis et al 28,29 reached the minimum detection limit of 25 ppm (CO 2 ) and 400 ppm (CO) through the fiber laser intracavity absorption spectroscopy at room temperature. Recently, Thompson et al 30 used a diode-pumped, multimode erbium, yttrium:glass (Er,Yb:glass) microlaser to detect CO 2 and CO simultaneously around 1.57 mm.…”

“…Cheskis et al. 28,29 reached the minimum detection limit of 25 ppm (CO 2 ) and 400 ppm (CO) through the fiber laser intra-cavity absorption spectroscopy at room temperature. Recently, Thompson et al.…”