A fermented bean flour extract downregulates LOX-1, CHOP and ICAM-1 in HMEC-1 stimulated by ox-LDL

Abstract

This study focused on an extract from fermented flour from the Lady Joy variety of the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris. The extract, Lady Joy lysate (Lys LJ), is enriched in antioxidant compounds during the fermentation. We assessed it for its protective effect on endothelial cells treated with oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL). The oxidative stress was determined by measuring the contents of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and reactive oxygen metabolites. ICAM-1, ET-1 and IL-6 concentrations were assessed using ELISA. LOX-1 and CHOP expression were analyzed using both quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA or western blotting. Ox-LDL treatment induced significant oxidative stress, which was strongly reduced by pre-treatment with the extract. The ox-LDL exposure significantly enhanced ICAM-1, IL-6 and ET-1 levels over basal levels. Lys LJ pre-treatment exerted an inhibitory effect on ox-LDL-induced endothelial activation with ICAM-1 levels comparable to those for the untreated cells. IL-6 and ET-1 production, although reduced, was still significantly higher than for the control. Both LOX-1 and CHOP expression were upregulated after ox-LDL exposure, but this effect was significantly decreased after Lys LJ pre-treatment. Lys LJ alone did not alter the ICAM-1, IL-6 and ET-1 concentrations or CHOP expression, but it did significantly lower the LOX-1 protein level. Our data suggest that Lys LJ is an effective antioxidant that is able to inhibit the oxidation process, but that it is only marginally active against inflammation and ET-1 production in HMEC-1 exposed to ox-LDL.

Sourdough Fermentation Improves the Antioxidant, Antihypertensive, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Triticum dicoccum

“…HT-29 cells were pre-treated for 1 h with or without FS and NFS extracts (0.08 and 0.4 mg mL −1 ), then exposed for 24 h with or without 5 ng mL −1 TNF-α. HT-29 cell viability was evaluated by the MTT assay as previously described [ 47 ].…”

Nutritional Composition and Bioactivity of Salicornia europaea L. Plants Grown in Monoculture or Intercropped with Tomato Plants in Salt-Affected Soils

“…The HT-29 cell line (DSMZ, Germany) was grown as previously described [28], and cell treatments were performed using a complete medium without FBS and phenol red. A toxicity curve using increasing concentrations of the hydroalcoholic extract (5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 µg mL −1 ) of the edible portion of Salicornia plants cultivated in monoculture was performed, and cell viability was evaluated by the MTT assay according to Gabriele et al [29].…”

Polyphenol-Rich Dry Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Their Health Benefits

“…In an animal study, C57BL/6 mice fed a 20% navy bean or black bean flour-containing diet showed significantly reduced dextran sodium sulfate induced experimental colitis and inflammation-related parameters (IL-1β, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-17A, and IL-9), increased histological injury score and apoptosis, and alleviated symptoms of colitis and colon inflammation [ 15 ]. Common beans possess various bioactive compounds including flavonoids and anthocyanins, which significantly reduced the activity of murine macrophages through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory gene expression without cytotoxicity [ 117 , 118 , 119 ]. Similarly, human-randomized, controlled, crossover trials have also demonstrated that three-day intake of 100 g of black bean meal and soup improved the arthritic condition by significantly reducing pain and inflammation [ 119 ].…”