A feline kidney cell line-based plaque assay for feline calicivirus, a surrogate for Norwalk virus

Bidawid, Sabah; Malik, N.; Adegbunrin, Olusola; Sattar, Syed A.; Farber, Jeff

doi:10.1016/s0166-0934(02)00214-8

Cited by 103 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…PV-1 propagation and plaque-forming assays were conducted as described previously (39,40). Briefly, PV-1 was propagated on buffalo green monkey kidney (BGM) (ATCC CCL-81; American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA) cell line monolayers with minimal essential media (MEM) containing 5% calf serum (HyClone Laboratories, Logan, UT) at an incubation temperature of 37°C with 5% CO 2 .…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transfer Efficiency of Bacteria and Viruses from Porous and Nonporous Fomites to Fingers under Different Relative Humidity Conditions

Lopez

Gerba

Tamimi

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

203

265

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Fomites can serve as routes of transmission for both enteric and respiratory pathogens. The present study examined the effect of low and high relative humidity on fomite-to-finger transfer efficiency of five model organisms from several common inanimate surfaces (fomites). Nine fomites representing porous and nonporous surfaces of different compositions were studied. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus thuringiensis, MS2 coliphage, and poliovirus 1 were placed on fomites in 10-l drops and allowed to dry for 30 min under low (15% to 32%) or high (40% to 65%) relative humidity. Fomite-to-finger transfers were performed using 1.0 kg/cm 2 of pressure for 10 s. Transfer efficiencies were greater under high relative humidity for both porous and nonporous surfaces. Most organisms on average had greater transfer efficiencies under high relative humidity than under low relative humidity. Nonporous surfaces had a greater transfer efficiency (up to 57%) than porous surfaces (<6.8%) under low relative humidity, as well as under high relative humidity (nonporous, up to 79.5%; porous, <13.4%). Transfer efficiency also varied with fomite material and organism type. The data generated can be used in quantitative microbial risk assessment models to assess the risk of infection from fomite-transmitted human pathogens and the relative levels of exposure to different types of fomites and microorganisms. I nanimate objects, or fomites, are a potential reservoir in the transmission of pathogens either directly, by surface-to-mouth contact, or indirectly, by contamination of fingers and subsequent hand-to-mouth, hand-to-eye, or hand-to-nose contact (1-5). Bodily fluids such as saliva, mucus, nasal secretions, blood, urine, and feces may all potentially contain pathogens that can be transmitted via fomites (6-9). A number of studies have shown that enteric and respiratory pathogens are capable of surviving from hours to months on fomites, depending on the numbers deposited, the type of microorganism, and the variable environmental conditions (10-12). Several studies have shown that inanimate surfaces found in day care centers (8,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17), schools (18), office buildings (19), homes (20-27), public areas (28), or hospitals (12, 29-33) can be reservoirs for secondary modes of transmission, with contaminated hands playing a critical role as a route of exposure.The efficiency of transfer of a pathogen to the hand from the fomite is important in modeling the potential for its transmission (11,(34)(35)(36). This information can be used to understand the spread of disease in indoor environments and the potential for designing surfaces that reduce transfer efficiency and/or are antimicrobial (5). The purpose of this work was to better elucidate the transfer efficiencies of several different types of organisms under control conditions to provide data that may be used in quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) models. (ii) Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial inoculum preparation. Frozen aliquots of E. coli an...

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MS2 plaque assay was conducted using the double-agar overlay method and TSA (EMD Chemicals Inc., Gibbstown, NJ) (39,43). PV-1 titrations were performed using 10-fold-serial-dilution plaque-forming assays as described previously (39,40). All dilutions were assayed in duplicate.…”

Section: Inoculation Of Fomites (I) Layout Of Fomitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer Efficiency of Bacteria and Viruses from Porous and Nonporous Fomites to Fingers under Different Relative Humidity Conditions

Lopez

Gerba

Tamimi

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

203

265

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The antiviral effective concentration was expressed as the EC 50 value, defined as the concentration of the sample required to inhibit virusinduced cytopathogenic effects (CPEs) by 50% (Bidawid et al, 2003). In brief, the FCV suspension (log 5 TCID 50 per mL) was treated with identical volumes of serially diluted extracts at room temperature for 24 h. The mixtures were added to a Cho et al, 2013).…”

Section: Antiviral Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phaeophyta Extracts Exhibit Antiviral Activity against Feline Calicivirus

Youngik¹,

Kim²,

Moon³

et al. 2014

Fisheries and aquatic sciences

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the antiviral activity of Phaeophyta extracts against feline calicivirus (FCV), used as a norovirus surrogate. A bioassay-guided cytotoxicity and virus infectivity assay revealed that methanolic extracts of Phaeophyta possessed significant antiviral activity against FCV. Among them, Eisenia bicyclis extract exhibited the highest antiviral activity against FCV. The 50% effective concentration of the extract (EC 50 ) inhibiting FCV viral replication by 50% was 80 µg/ mL. The extract also showed the highest selectivity index, calculated from the ratio of the median cellular cytotoxicity concentration (CC 50 ) and EC 50 , indicating antiviral efficacy against FCV. In addition, significant interruption of FCV infection was observed by pretreatment of host Crandall-Reese feline kidney cells with the E. bicyclis extract (200 µg/mL) prior to virus infection, in a dosedependent manner.

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“…Among these viruses are the feline calicivirus (FCV) (Sykes et al 2001;McCann et al 2003;Bidawid et al 2003;Helps and Harbour 2003), the canine calicivirus (CaCV) (Hashimoto et al 1999), and the murine NoV (MNV-1) (Karst et al 2003;Wobus et al 2004). To our knowledge, none of these viruses have been detected in food but as NoV surrogates, both FCV and CaCV have been widely studied during examinations of viral transmission and persistence (Slomka and Appleton 1998;.…”

Section: Cultivable Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Methods for Extraction and Concentration of Enteric Viruses from Fresh Fruit and Vegetables: Towards International Standards

Croci

Dubois

Cook³

et al. 2008

Food Anal. Methods

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Virus-contaminated soft fruits or vegetables are increasingly identified as causes of foodborne viral illness. Noroviruses and hepatitis A virus are the most common pathogens in viral infections transmitted by these kinds of foods. To improve microbiological detection and monitoring and to increase insights into the contribution of fruits and vegetables to foodborne viral transmission, sensitive, reliable, and standardized methods are needed. More studies on virus detection methods for foods are being published, but validated consensus protocols are not yet available. In this paper, different methodologies are reviewed critically. The use of process controls and internal amplification controls is discussed.

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A feline kidney cell line-based plaque assay for feline calicivirus, a surrogate for Norwalk virus

Cited by 103 publications

References 12 publications

Transfer Efficiency of Bacteria and Viruses from Porous and Nonporous Fomites to Fingers under Different Relative Humidity Conditions

Transfer Efficiency of Bacteria and Viruses from Porous and Nonporous Fomites to Fingers under Different Relative Humidity Conditions

Phaeophyta Extracts Exhibit Antiviral Activity against Feline Calicivirus

Current Methods for Extraction and Concentration of Enteric Viruses from Fresh Fruit and Vegetables: Towards International Standards

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