A feedback model applied in a ubiquitous microlearning environment using SECA rules

Abstract

Understanding learners’ behavior is the key to the success of any learning process. The more we know about them, the more likely we can personalize learning experiences and provide successful feedback. This paper presents a feedback model implemented in a ubiquitous microlearning environment based on contextual and behavioral information and evaluation results. The model uses SECA rules where the Scenario (S) represents the ubiquitous context variables reflecting the learner behavior during the learning process. The Event (E) identifies the probability that a learner fails or passes its evaluation. Condition (C) evaluates the results of the events. Moreover, Action (A) provides feedback to the learner. The proposal is developed through a controlled experiment whereby a microlearning environment can collect data from a ubiquitous context. The feedback model applies an analytics process to find the best context and behavior variables through different classification models. Those models predict whether a learner could fail, determine evaluation results’ causes, and provide feedback. The Random Forest was the model with the best performance. Thus, 94% accuracy, a 97% Recall, a 93% Precision, an F1 score of 95%, and a Jaccard of 91%. Hence, each scenario is defined from a branch of every tree obtained from the Random Forest model personalizing feedback actions applying clustering techniques. Finally, we presented an exemplified set of feedback rules, providing automatic recommendations and improving learner experiences. Thus, the experiment allows analyzing the learner behavior in a ubiquitous microlearning context from a feedback perspective.