A Feasibility Study: Testing Whether a Sleep Application Providing Objective Sleep Data to Physicians Improves Patient–Physician Communication Regarding Sleep Experiences, Habits, and Behaviors

Durrani, Sana; Cao, Sha; Bo, Na; Pai, Jennifer K.; Baker, Jarod; Rawlings, Lori; Qureshi, Zaina P.; Sigua, Ninotchka Liban; Manchanda, Shalini; Khan, Babar

doi:10.1007/s12325-021-02013-0

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…PA, total daily EE, heart rate, and sleep phases and quality were measured daily with a Fitbit Versa 2 activity tracker and its software (www.fitbit.com) accessible on the cell phone daily and from the Fitbit weekly email reports. This device has been used in medical publications for measurements of heart rate [23], EE [24], and sleep studies [25]. The device tracked the daily number of steps and distance traveled.…”

Section: Energy Expenditure Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twice-Weekly 36-Hour Intermittent Fasting Practice Attenuates Hunger, Quadruples ß-Hydroxybutyrate, and Maintains Weight Loss: A Case Report

Borer

2024

Cureus

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Intermittent fasting (IF) approach to weight loss obviates the inconvenience of calorie counting required in daily caloric restriction (DCR). A metabolic defense mechanism (MDM) obstructs weight loss and facilitates weight regain possibly by increasing hunger and efficiency of exercise energy expenditure (EEf), and by reducing resting metabolic rate (RMR) and energy expenditure (EE) including physical activity (PA). IF may test whether its paradigm can better counteract MDM than DCR. A knowledge gap exists about whether the duration of weekly uninterrupted fasts (UFs), when the IF protocols are isocaloric, affects the MDM. The aim and objective of this 82-week study were to determine whether 36 hours of near-absolute twice-weekly UF will exacerbate MDM but generate similar rates of weight and fat losses compared to four IF studies featuring 20 hours of weekly UF with both IF protocols matched for weekly hours of fast ( 108) and free access to food (60), a fasting-to-eating (F/E) ratio of 1.8. This case report presents results of twice-weekly fasting on non-consecutive days (5:2-NC) and compares them to results from a 4:3-NC protocol with a 20-hour UF caused by a modification of providing a 500-600 kcal meal on three fasting days (M4:3-NC). Because the large meal raises insulin concentration for four hours at the start of the fasting day, the 20-hour UF consists of the remaining eight hours on the fasting day, followed by 12 additional nocturnal hours of fasting. The hypotheses were that (1) because of their matched F/E ratio, the rates of weight and fat losses will be similar in both protocols, and (2) because of its longer UF period, hunger will be higher and RMR and EE will be lower, in 5:2-NC than in M4:3-NC protocol. The main findings were that the 5:2-NC protocol produced (1) slower rates of weight and fat losses, (2) modest reduction in the sensation of hunger and substantial decline in fullness, (3) no change in RMR and EE, and (4) fourfold post-fast increase in the circulating concentration of the ketone body ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), 2.5 greater than in the M4:3-NC protocol. The absence of increased hunger and changes in EE, the variability of the rate of weight loss in the 5:2-NC protocol, plus increased EEf in one M4:3-NC study, suggest that IF does not mitigate MDM, but that shortened UF period in M4:3-NC reduces the rise in BHB. Thus, the addition of a large meal on fasting days is unnecessary for the prevention of hunger and is counterproductive for increases in BHB and its potential health benefits. Continuous practice of the 5:2-NC protocol allows sustained weight loss and maintenance of lost weight with diminished hunger for as long as it is implemented.

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Section: Energy Expenditure Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%