A feasibility study of the use of random amplified polymorphic DNA in the population genetics and systematics of grasshoppers

Abstract

Single, short primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequence were used in polymerase chain reactions to amplify regions of DNA isolated from several melanopline and oedipodine grasshoppers collected from local Saskatchewan populations. This represents one of the first applications of the method, called randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (or RAPD), to natural populations. Twenty-four different oligonucleotide primers, nine nucleotides in length, yielded clear and reproducible bands corresponding to amplified products and separable by agarose gel electrophoresis. On average, about 8.1 bands (range 0-17) were obtained per primer per individual. The mean percent similarity between band profiles of conspecific individuals was 51.2%, whereas the mean value for individuals representing different species or genera was 35.0%. Clearly, greater numbers of insects and primers will be required to achieve a satisfactory level of phylogenetic resolution. Given RAPDs technical advantages and ease of execution, however, this should not be problematic to the molecular systematist.

RAPD and Cytogenetic Study in F1 and F2 of Interspecific Cross between Gossypium arboreum*Gossypium anomalum

“…Ambiguous bands that could not be clearly distinguished were not being scored (Williams et al 1990 The similarity index of samples was calculated as followed (Chapco et al 1992 andWilde et al 1992).…”

“…The result show that recombination between A and B genomes of G. arboreum and G. anomalum respectively is possible. Similarly coefficient based on DNA amplification using specified RAPD primers was estimated (Chapco et al 1992 andWilde et al 1992). Since some of the primers did not show any storable amplified fragments with particular segregating plant and the average similarity coefficient values were determined based on similarity coefficient values calculated for a specific primers.…”

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers readily distinguish cryptic mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae: Anopheles)

“…RAPD bands may display a high degree of polymorphism, and screening multiple primers against taxa of interest has proven to be a means of quickly identifying species-specific markers (Arnold et at., 1991), Additionally, RAPD markers derive from multiple loci and have the potential to provide important information on mosquito population genetic structure that would not be available from a single locus marker. Since its development RAPD has shown promise for use in a wide variety of organisms including bacteria, higher plants, vertebrates and invertebrates, including mosquitoes and other insects, as a tool for genetic mapping, strain identification and systematics (Williams etaL, 1992;Bowditch &t at.. 1992: Hadrys etaL, 1992Chapco et at., 1992;Blacked/., 1992;Kambhampati ef aL 1992;Perringefa/,, 1993).…”

Polymorphism of the grasshopper Rhammatocerus schistocercoides populations revealed by RAPD

“…Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based DNA markers, such as those generated by random amplified polymorphic DNA-RAPD (Williams et al, 1990), also known as arbitrarily primed PCR markers (Welsh & McClelland, 1990), have been extensively used to detect polymorphism in several organisms, including grasshoppers within the genus Melanoplus (Chapco et al, 1992) and the species Schistocerca pallens (Silveira et al, 1998).…”