A fatal poisoning involving Bromo-Dragonfly

Andreasen, Mette Findal; Telving, Rasmus; Birkler, Rune Isak Dupont; Schumacher, Bente; Johannsen, Mogens

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.11.001

Cited by 56 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…The patient was admitted with extreme agitation, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and combativeness that required physical restraint and intravenous sedation, but the patient did recover. Andreasen et al (2009) reported a fatality involving the potent synthetic psychedelic phenethylamine compound 1-(8-bromobenzo[1,2-b; 4,5-b9]difuran-4-yl)-2-aminopropane, known commonly as Bromo-Dragonfly. An 18-year-old woman was found dead after ingesting 1 ml of a "hallucinogenic liquid."…”

Section: B Adverse Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychedelics

2016

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Section: B Adverse Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychedelics

2016

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“…One such class of drugs, the phenethylamines, has been a major health problem in Europe [2], and only recently have these drugs began to appear in the USA. 2,5 Dimethoxy-4-iodophenethylamine, or 2C-I, is one such example.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent Seizures and Serotonin Syndrome Following “2C-I” Ingestion

2013

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The phenethylamines, including 2, 5 dimethoxy-4-iodophenethylamine, commonly referred to as 2C-I, have recently emerged as a new class of designer drugs. Cases of toxicity from these drugs are not well described in the literature. This case report describes a 19 year-old male who insufflated 2C-I. Following the ingestion, the patient developed recurrent seizures, and was taken to the emergency department, where he was noted to be hyperadrenergic and had recurrent seizures. The patient was diagnosed with serotonin syndrome and experienced prolonged respiratory failure, although he ultimately made a full recovery. Comprehensive drug testing revealed the presence of 2C-I. The pharmacologic properties of 2C-I are also discussed.

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“…There are 4 previous cases of toxicity associated with recreational use of Bromo-dragonFLY, reported in abstract form only [15,16]. Two of these cases died prior to presentation to the ED and, therefore, there is no information on symptoms associated with ingestion [15,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two of these cases died prior to presentation to the ED and, therefore, there is no information on symptoms associated with ingestion [15,16]. In the other 2 cases, use of Bromo-dragonFLY was associated with significant peripheral vasoconstriction and limb ischemia [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed onset of seizures and toxicity associated with recreational use of Bromo-dragonFLY

et al. 2009

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Introduction: Many countries have specific legislation, such as the Controlled Substances Act (1970) in the United States and the Misuse of Drugs Act (1971) in the United Kingdom to control recreational drugs. There is a growing market and supply of "novel" recreational drugs, which include the misuse of pharmaceutical compounds and research chemicals. These are often not covered under current legislation, despite the fact that they often have both similar chemical structures and/or clinical effects to controlled recreational drugs.Case Report: A male patient presented to an emergency department with delayed onset of severe agitation, hallucinations, and tonic-clonic seizures following the use of Bromo-dragonFLY and an unknown white powder. He settled following IV benzodiazepines and supportive care, and was discharged with no evidence of long-term sequelae. Analysis of the white powder by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry (UV/VIS) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) showed the presence of Bromo-dragonFLY (1-(8-bromobenzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']difuran-4-yl)-2-aminopropane); serum analysis by GC/MS and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) confirmed that a combination of Bromo-dragonFLY (0.95 ng/mL), ketamine (20 ng/mL) and cannabis had been used by the patient. No other recreational drugs were detected in an extensive toxicological screen of serum and urine samples.Discussion: This is the first confirmed case to be reported of toxicity with delayed onset of severe agitation, hallucinations and tonic-clonic seizures associated with recreational use of 4,difuran-4-yl)-2-aminopropane) in combination with ketamine and cannabis. In our view, this case provides further support for the need for a systematic approach to toxicological screening of patients with recreational drug toxicity, to identify emerging drugs and provide evidence for legislative authorities to assist in revising the legal status of emerging recreational drugs.

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A fatal poisoning involving Bromo-Dragonfly

Cited by 56 publications

References 7 publications

Psychedelics

Psychedelics

Recurrent Seizures and Serotonin Syndrome Following “2C-I” Ingestion

Delayed onset of seizures and toxicity associated with recreational use of Bromo-dragonFLY

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