1989
DOI: 10.1016/0379-0738(89)90218-1
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A fatal case of oral ingestion of toluene

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Cited by 30 publications
(20 citation statements)
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“…The results are consistent with the hypothesis that maternal metabolic tolerance (e.g., induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes) develops over the course of exposures during pregnancy, but it is also possible that the relative decrease in maternal blood levels between GD8 and GD20 is a function of altered body mass composition, specifically in increase in the "relative fat depot" or percentage of body fat, which preferentially absorbs toluene [1]. Body fat may also serve as a reservoir for toluene, reaching a dynamic, relative equilibrium with levels in maternal blood.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 78%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The results are consistent with the hypothesis that maternal metabolic tolerance (e.g., induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes) develops over the course of exposures during pregnancy, but it is also possible that the relative decrease in maternal blood levels between GD8 and GD20 is a function of altered body mass composition, specifically in increase in the "relative fat depot" or percentage of body fat, which preferentially absorbs toluene [1]. Body fat may also serve as a reservoir for toluene, reaching a dynamic, relative equilibrium with levels in maternal blood.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 78%
“…Several studies in both non-pregnant animals and humans have demonstrated that toluene absorbed into the blood is distributed throughout the body with the brain and liver containing the highest levels [1,20,50]. The majority of absorbed toluene is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes in the liver, primarily to benzyl alcohol and is eventually eliminated in the urine as hippuric acid [44].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In late 1980s, Ameno et al described that the brain and liver serve as reservoir for toluene [45]. A few years later, Yamazaki et al, in their work explained that more than 80% of absorbed toluene is metabolized by mixoxidase enzyme system to benzoic acid and hippuric acid in the liver and kidney before excretion into the urine.…”
Section: Toluene Metabolismmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Approximately 80% is metabolized to benzyl alcohol which is then oxidized to benzoic acid. Benzoic acid is then conjugated with glycine and excreted as hippuric acid (Ameno et al, 1989). Toluene clearance has been reported as 1.4 to 1.7 L/hour/kg after inhalation exposure (Wallen, 1986).…”
Section: Mammalian and Human Health Effectsmentioning
confidence: 99%