A Fast, Reciprocal Pathway between the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and Visual Cortex in the Macaque Monkey

Briggs, Farran; Usrey, W. Martin

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1035-07.2007

Cited by 90 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This granular activation was most effectively recruited by excitation of infragranular corticoefferent output layers, suggesting recurrent cortico-thalamocortical feedback. Disynaptic feedback between thalamus and cortex has been demonstrated before in the macaque visual system with delays of 3-8 ms (Briggs and Usrey, 2007), which is similar to the delays observed in our study. The cortico-thalamocortical feedback proposed by our study could complete the fast loop between cortex and thalamus described by Briggs and Usrey (2007) through fast and brief glutamatergic currents via ionotropic receptors, consistent with further evidence challenging the view of exclusively slow modulatory feedback (Covic and Sherman, 2011;Bastos et al, 2012).…”

Section: Specificity Of Local Recurrent Corticothalamic Feedbacksupporting

confidence: 92%

Dopamine-Modulated Recurrent Corticoefferent Feedback in Primary Sensory Cortex Promotes Detection of Behaviorally Relevant Stimuli

et al. 2014

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Dopaminergic neurotransmission in primary auditory cortex (AI) has been shown to be involved in learning and memory functions. Moreover, dopaminergic projections and D 1 /D 5 receptor distributions display a layer-dependent organization, suggesting specific functions in the cortical circuitry. However, the circuit effects of dopaminergic neurotransmission in sensory cortex and their possible roles in perception, learning, and memory are largely unknown.Here, we investigated layer-specific circuit effects of dopaminergic neuromodulation using current source density ( Our results show that D 1 /D 5 -mediated dopaminergic modulation in sensory cortex regulates positive recurrent corticoefferent feedback, which enhances states of high, persistent activity in sensory cortex evoked by behaviorally relevant stimuli. In boosting horizontal network interactions, this potentially promotes the readout of task-related information from cortical synapses and improves behavioral stimulus detection.

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Section: Specificity Of Local Recurrent Corticothalamic Feedbacksupporting

confidence: 92%

Dopamine-Modulated Recurrent Corticoefferent Feedback in Primary Sensory Cortex Promotes Detection of Behaviorally Relevant Stimuli

et al. 2014

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“…There are a number of neuronal properties that should remain invariant to natural/unnatural stimulation and/or brain state. For example, axon condition latencies, visual response latencies, and visual response properties are for the most part invariant, whereas neuronal firing rates are reduced with anesthesia (44,52,53). Our findings that are more dependent upon invariant properties, such as axon conduction latency, should hold up across a variety of conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Some CG neurons receive driving, monosynaptic input directly from the LGN (44), and all CG neurons likely receive strong input from geniculocortical-recipient neurons in layer 4 (45,46). Because these subcortical and local inputs are stream-specific (44,45), CG neurons receive selective information about particular features of the visual world, as evidenced by their stream-specific physiological response properties (35). Thus, particular features of a visual scene could trigger CG activation, causing streamspecific feedback activation of LGN ensembles via the circuit mechanism described above.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, particular features of a visual scene could trigger CG activation, causing streamspecific feedback activation of LGN ensembles via the circuit mechanism described above. Interestingly, CG feedback in a variety of species is known to operate on different timescales due to differential axon conduction velocities among the diverse CG neuronal types (35,44,(47)(48)(49)(50)(51). The large variation in axon conduction times suggests that different CG neurons may have shorter or longer timescales over which they can integrate incoming information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corticogeniculate feedback sharpens the temporal precision and spatial resolution of visual signals in the ferret

Hasse

Briggs

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The corticogeniculate (CG) pathway connects the visual cortex with the visual thalamus (LGN) in the feedback direction and enables the cortex to directly influence its own input. Despite numerous investigations, the role of this feedback circuit in visual perception remained elusive. To probe the function of CG feedback in a causal manner, we selectively and reversibly manipulated the activity of CG neurons in anesthetized ferrets in vivo using a combined viral-infection and optogenetics approach to drive expression of channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2) in CG neurons. We observed significant increases in temporal precision and spatial resolution of LGN neuronal responses to drifting grating and white noise stimuli when CG neurons expressing ChR2 were light activated. Enhancing CG feedback reduced visually evoked response latencies, increased spike-timing precision, and reduced classical receptive field size. Increased precision among LGN neurons led to increased spike-timing precision among granular layer V1 neurons as well. Together, our findings suggest that the function of CG feedback is to control the timing and precision of thalamic responses to incoming visual signals.T he feedforward progression of sensory information from peripheral receptors through nuclei in the sensory thalamus to the primary sensory cortex is well understood. For example, much is known about how neurons in the primary sensory cortex represent elementary sensory features based on the inputs they receive from peripheral and thalamic neurons with well-defined receptive field properties. In addition to these feedforward circuits, mammalian sensory systems include a substantial feedback projection from the primary sensory cortex to the sensory thalamus (1). Despite a rich history of investigation, the functional role of corticothalamic feedback circuits in sensory perception remains a fundamental mystery in neuroscience.Our goal was to determine the functional contribution of corticothalamic feedback to vision. Corticogeniculate (CG) circuits link the primary visual cortex (V1) with the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (LGN) and constitute the first cortical feedback connection in the visual processing hierarchy (2). CG axons target LGN relay neurons, local interneurons within the LGN, and neurons in the visual portion of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) that inhibit LGN relay neurons (3-5) (Fig. 1A). Based on this pattern of axonal innervation, CG modulation of LGN neurons could include both monosynaptic excitation and disynaptic inhibition of LGN relay neurons via TRN and/or local LGN inhibitory circuitry. The CG circuit is anatomically robust-cortical synapses onto LGN relay neurons far outnumber retinal synapses (4); however, the receptive fields of LGN relay neurons reflect their retinal and not their cortical inputs (6). In part due to its subtle influence on LGN responses, the function of CG feedback has remained elusive.There have been numerous experimental examinations of CG function-using methods with varying degrees of sele...

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“…Visual area V2 receives most of the V1 output and sends strong connections to V3, V4, and V5 (Merriam et al, 2007;Sincich and Horton, 2005). The lateral geniculate nucleus not only provides feed forward input to V1, but also receives robust feedback (corticogeniculate feedback) from V2 and extrastriate visual cortical areas (Briggs and Usrey, 2007). In primates, LGN, the striate cortex (V1), and many extrastriate visual cortical areas including V2, V3, V4, are organized in a retinotopic manner, respecting the topological distribution of photon stimuli on the retina (Martínez et al, 1999;Kaido et al 2004).…”

Section: Retinotopic Organization Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase-rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual perception and imagery: A new molecular hypothesis

Bókkon

2009

Biosystems

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Here, we put forward a redox molecular hypothesis about the natural biophysical substrate of visual perception and visual imagery. This hypothesis is based on the redox and bioluminescent processes of neuronal cells in retinotopically organized cytochrome oxidaserich visual areas. Our hypothesis is in line with the functional roles of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in living cells that are not part of haphazard process, but rather a very strict mechanism used in signaling pathways. We point out that there is a direct relationship between neuronal activity and the biophoton emission process in the brain. Electrical and biochemical processes in the brain represent sensory information from the external world. During encoding or retrieval of information, electrical signals of neurons can be converted into synchronized biophoton signals by bioluminescent radical and non-radical processes. Therefore, information in the brain appears not only as an electrical (chemical) signal but also as a regulated biophoton (weak optical) signal inside neurons.During visual perception, the topological distribution of photon stimuli on the retina is represented by electrical neuronal activity in retinotopically organized visual areas. These retinotopic electrical signals in visual neurons can be converted into synchronized biophoton signals by radical and non-radical processes in retinotopically organized mitochondrial-rich areas. As a result, regulated bioluminescent biophotons can create intrinsic pictures (depictive representation) in retinotopically organized cytochrome oxidase-rich visual areas during visual imagery and visual perception. The long-term visual memory is interpreted as epigenetic information regulated by free radicals and redox processes. This hypothesis does not claim to solve the secret of consciousness, but proposes that the evolution of higher levels of complexity made the intrinsic picture representation of the external visual world possible by regulated redox and bioluminescent reactions in the visual system during visual perception and visual imagery.

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A Fast, Reciprocal Pathway between the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and Visual Cortex in the Macaque Monkey

Cited by 90 publications

References 40 publications

Dopamine-Modulated Recurrent Corticoefferent Feedback in Primary Sensory Cortex Promotes Detection of Behaviorally Relevant Stimuli

Dopamine-Modulated Recurrent Corticoefferent Feedback in Primary Sensory Cortex Promotes Detection of Behaviorally Relevant Stimuli

Corticogeniculate feedback sharpens the temporal precision and spatial resolution of visual signals in the ferret

Visual perception and imagery: A new molecular hypothesis

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