ntial equations that govern light propagation in Kerr media are derived when the apectric field direction and magnitude vary along the light path. Case studies predict Kerr optic fringe patferns for the specific case of pointlplane electrodes. We apply the characirections theory of photoelasticity to understand these fringes. We also study birefrinia with small Kerr constant, in particular transformer oil. For this case we show that ions in the characteristic parameter theory is possible, resulting in simple integral res between the characteristic parameters and the applied electric field. We use these nships to extend the ac modulation method to measure the characteristic paramall Kerr constant media. Measurements of the characteristic parameters using the I 1070-9878/98/ $3.00 0 1998 IEEE Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Xplore. Downloaded on April 1, 2009 at 13:19 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.Here d,(z) and d y ( z ) are the components of d(z), e,(z) and ey(z) are the components of e(.) and ezj (2) are the components of the permittivity tensor. For lossless Kerr media ~i j ( . ) are real and symmetric. Beside the fixed zyz frame it is convenient to work in the frame that rotates with the applied electric field in which the Kerr effect is expressed. This frame will be referred as the ET frame (see Figure 2)