“…Typically, physics-based methods rely on finite element (FE) models that may or may not be updated with field data [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Yu et al [ 26 ] created a FE model of the Aizhai suspension bridge to detect damage and the model was updated using the information collected from 112 sensors of various types.…”