A Fast Charge/Discharge and Wide-Temperature Battery with a Germanium Oxide Layer on a Ti₃C₂ MXene Matrix as Anode

Abstract

A rapid charge/discharge secondary battery is critical in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. Germanium, due to the metallic property and facile alloying reaction with lithium, displays great potential in fast charge/discharge batteries in contrast to other intercalation batteries. In order to accommodate the over 300% volume change, a 2D hybrid composite electrode consisting of a homogeneous, amorphous GeO x(x=1.57) layer bonded on Ti3C2 MXenes was successfully developed via an industry available method. The expanded interlayer space inside the MXene matrix accommodates the restricted isotropic expansion from the stress-released, ultrathin GeO x layer. Owing to the improved e–/Li+ conductivity from both metallic reduced Ge and MXene, the battery showed an excellent charge/discharge performance as fast as 3 min (20.0 C). A high-capacity retention of ∼1048.1 mAh/g along with a Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.8% at 0.5 C after 500 cycles was achieved. Under 1.0 C, the capacity was still up to 929.6 mAh/g with a CE of 99.6% (<0.02% capacity decay per cycle) after ultralong (1000) cycling. An almost doubled capacity of 671.6 mAh/g compared to graphite (372 mAh/g at 0.1 C) under 5.0 C and a capacity of 300.5 mAh/g under 10.0 C after 1000 cycles were respectively received. Under cold conditions, due to the low interface energy barrier, an efficient alloying reaction happens which prevents the Li plating on the electrode surface. High capacities of 631.6, 333.9, and 841.7 mAh/g under −20, −40, and 60 °C after 100 cycles demonstrate a wide temperature tolerance of the battery. In addition, a full-cell battery paired with LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) displayed a high capacity of 536.8 mAh/g after 200 cycles. A high capacity retention of a full pouch cell after 50 cycles was also obtained. The superhigh rate capability along with long cycling, wide temperature range, scalable production, and relatively low cost of this hybrid composite display promising potential in specific energy storage applications.

Self‐Assembly of 0D–2D Heterostructure Electrocatalyst from MOF and MXene for Boosted Lithium Polysulfide Conversion Reaction

“…The peaks emerging at 459.6 and 465.2 eV are assigned to Ti─O bonds, which are attributed to the numerous oxygen‐based groups (e.g., ─O, ─OH) on the surface. [ 36 ] In the case of the CoZn‐Se@N‐MX, the peaks at ≈458.3, 458.7, and 459.1 eV correspond to Ti─C, N─Ti, and Ti─O bonds, respectively. The Ti─C and Ti─O peaks for CoZn‐Se@N‐MX were significantly shifted to higher binding energies compared with those for the pristine MX, indicating coupling between the 0D CoZn‐Se nanoparticles and 2D N‐MX nanosheets.…”

Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Energy Applications of 2D MXenes

“…Amorphous GeO x (x = 1.57) layer bonded on Ti 3 C 2 MXene (GeO x @MXene) was also synthesized by a scalable liquid-based method (Figure 15b). [77] As the extended interlaminar space in MXene matrix adapts to expansion of the stress released ultrathin GeO x layer, GeO x @MXene exhibited excellent lithium storage performance. Due to excellent mechanical property and electrical conductivity, MXene nanosheets can be used as a high-viscosity conductive adhesive to prepare Si/MXene composite electrode with high mass loading without additional conductive agents and binders (Figure 16a).…”

“…Reproduced with permission. [77] Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society. electrode materials with reversibly storage sodium and potassium have become the key to construct high performance sodium/potassium-ion batteries.…”

Mxene-Assisted Organic Electrochemical Transistor Biosensor With Multiple Spiral Interdigitated Electrodes for Sensitive Determination of fPSA/tPSA.

“…However, the OECTs with interdigitated multiple spiral hasn't reported for the biosensing of fPSA/tPSA. Transition metal carbide or nitride (MXene) has been regarded as next-generation two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials for wide biomedical applications, including biosensing, photocatalysis, supercapacitor and lithium-ion battery, because of its unique characteristics [22][23][24][25]. Two-dimensional Ti 3 C 2 Tx (MXene) has been recently explored for biosensing, such as glucose [26], hemoglobin [27], gliotoxin [28] and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) [29].…”