A fast and simple headspace gas chromatographic technique for quantitatively analyzing urea in human urine

Xie, Wei-Qi; Yu, Kong-Xian; Gong, Yi-Xian

doi:10.1016/j.ab.2019.03.011

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Overall, the detection of urea is important for both environmental and food safety and health monitoring. Analytical methods, such as gas chromatography 27 and calorimetry, 28 can detect urea at low levels. Although they can provide sensitive, accurate, and stable results, they are time-consuming and laborious and require expensive instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinduced Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for the Ultrasensitive Detection of a Low-Cross-Section Chemical, Urea, Using Silver–Titanium Dioxide Nanostructures

Doan

Nguyen

Phung

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analysis technique that allows both the identification and detection of analytes at trace levels. However, the low rate of charge transfer (CT) between noble-metal nanoparticles and several analytes prevents them from being effectively detected by SERS-based sensors. They are regarded as low Raman crosssection molecules. In this study, we enhanced the performance of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-based SERS sensing platform for a low Raman cross-section molecule, urea, focusing on improving the rate of CT. First, a set of Ag/titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanocomposites were synthesized. The presence of TiO 2 improved the intensity of the SERS signal of urea, in comparison to the use of bare AgNPs. Second, a photoinduced enhanced Raman spectroscopy (PIERS) technique was employed to further elevate the Raman signal of urea. Thanks to the step of preirradiation using UV light at λ = 365 nm, with the use of the substrates containing 25%, 33%, and 50% TiO 2 content, enhancements of 1.93, 3.42, and 7.45 times were achieved, respectively, compared to the use of Ag/TiO 2 composites without UV irradiation. Through modification of the substrate, combined with application of the PIERS technique, the SERS system for urea detection using Ag/3TiO 2 (50% TiO 2 ) achieved a competitive detection limit of 4.6 × 10 −6 M. It also allowed the detection of urea in milk at concentrations down to 10 −5 M. This substrate modification and PIERS technique are promising for improvement of the sensing performance of other low-cross-section molecules.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinduced Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for the Ultrasensitive Detection of a Low-Cross-Section Chemical, Urea, Using Silver–Titanium Dioxide Nanostructures

Doan

Nguyen

Phung

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The normal range of urea is 2.6 to 6.5 mM in human blood and can be 50 times more concentrated with a wide variation in human urine (daily excretion of 342 ± 67 mmol in 490 to 2690 mL of urine). Even though urea is considered safe and nontoxic, at high concentrations and if accumulated on the skin when urine remains in the diaper for a long time, urea can cause rashes, discomfort for the diaper wearers, or psoriasis. ,− Therefore, superabsorbent materials are expected to absorb urea when they are used in diapers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though urea is considered safe and nontoxic, at high concentrations and if accumulated on the skin when urine remains in the diaper for a long time, urea can cause rashes, discomfort for the diaper wearers, or psoriasis. 23 , 52 − 54 Therefore, superabsorbent materials are expected to absorb urea when they are used in diapers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Swelling Properties of a New Highly Absorbent Hydrogel Based on Carboxymethyl Guar Gum Reinforced with Bentonite and Silica Particles for Disposable Hygiene Products

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Superabsorbent polymers derived from petroleum have been widely used as the primary component of high-water-absorption disposable sanitary products. However, environmental concerns as well as unstable market prices influence the quality of disposable hygiene products. The development of superabsorbent polymers from natural, non-petroleum-derived materials has become more predominant. In the present study, two borax-cross-linked carboxymethyl guar-based superabsorbents with bentonite (CMG-Bt) and fumed silica particle reinforcement (CMG-Bt-Si) were synthesized. The materials have been fully characterized by various techniques. The swelling behavior was studied through free swelling capacity (FSC) and centrifuge retention capacity (CRC). The swelling kinetics and urea absorption capacity were further analyzed. The effects of the cross-linking ratio, mineral clay, silica particles, and pH of the liquids on the swelling properties of the superabsorbents have been studied. The incorporation of silica particles demonstrated a positive effect on water uptake reaching 78.63 and 41.09 g/g of FSC and CRC, respectively, at an optimum pH of 6.8. The optimum swelling kinetics were attributed to CMG-Bt-Si of 5 wt % silica particle content, indicating a velocity parameter (ζ) of 41 s in saline solution. Finally, the highest swelling values were obtained at 10, 10, and 5 wt % for the cross-linking ratio, bentonite content, and silica particle content, respectively; in addition, the absorption of urea by the CMG-Bt-Si material was also confirmed.

show abstract

“…Such studies often involve an integral component of imaging technique in computerised X‐ray imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the delivery of effective and desired radio‐contrast [ 11 ] agents to avoid concerns like contrast‐induced nephropathy and nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy. The amount of urea in physiological fluids as well as in environmental samples [ 12 ] has been quantitatively evaluated using various methods, such as solid phase extraction chromatography (ion and gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, chemiluminometric, colourimetric, spectrophotometric (ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, infra‐red [IR] spectroscopy), mass spectrometry, fluorimetric and electrochemical methods [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Nevertheless, techniques such as colourimetric analysis and ion chromatography suffered from a relatively lengthy time‐consuming processing of specimens, high cost of equipment, the operational need of qualified persons and long analytical time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advancements in urea biosensors for biomedical applications

Singh

Sharma

Singh

2021

IET Nanobiotechnology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The quick progress in health care technology as a recurrent measurement of biochemical factors such as blood components leads to advance development and growth in biosensor technology necessary for effectual patient concern. The review wok of authors present a concise information and brief discussion on the development made in the progress of potentiometric, field effect transistor, graphene, electrochemical, optical, polymeric, nanoparticles and nanocomposites based urea biosensors in the past two decades. The work of authors is also centred on different procedures/methods for detection of urea by using amperometric, potentiometric, conductometric and optical processes, where graphene, polymer etc. are utilised as an immobilised material for the fabrication of biosensors. Further, a comparative revision has been accomplished on various procedures of urea analysis using different materials-based biosensors, and it discloses that electrochemical and potentiometric biosensor is the most promise one among all, in terms of rapid response time, extensive shelf life and resourceful design.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

show abstract

A fast and simple headspace gas chromatographic technique for quantitatively analyzing urea in human urine

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Photoinduced Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for the Ultrasensitive Detection of a Low-Cross-Section Chemical, Urea, Using Silver–Titanium Dioxide Nanostructures

Photoinduced Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for the Ultrasensitive Detection of a Low-Cross-Section Chemical, Urea, Using Silver–Titanium Dioxide Nanostructures

Synthesis, Characterization, and Swelling Properties of a New Highly Absorbent Hydrogel Based on Carboxymethyl Guar Gum Reinforced with Bentonite and Silica Particles for Disposable Hygiene Products

Recent advancements in urea biosensors for biomedical applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About