A fast and reliable method for monitoring genomic instability in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract

The identification of genotoxic agents and their potential for genotoxic alterations in an organism is crucial for risk assessment and approval procedures of the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Classically, testing strategies for DNA or chromosomal damage focus on in vitro and in vivo (mainly rodent) investigations. In cell culture systems, the alkaline unwinding (AU) assay is one of the well-established methods for detecting the percentage of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). By establishing a reliable lysis protocol, and further optimization of the AU assay for the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), we provided a new tool for genotoxicity testing in the niche between in vitro and rodent experiments. The method is intended to complement existing testing strategies by a multicellular organism, which allows higher predictability of genotoxic potential compared to in vitro cell line or bacterial investigations, before utilizing in vivo (rodent) investigations. This also allows working within the 3R concept (reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal experiments), by reducing and possibly replacing animal testing. Validation with known genotoxic agents (bleomycin (BLM) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH)) proved the method to be meaningful, reproducible, and feasible for high-throughput genotoxicity testing, and especially preliminary screening.

Effects of Manganese on Genomic Integrity in the Multicellular Model Organism Caenorhabditis elegans

“…The adapted alkaline unwinding assay was employed as described previously [78]. Briefly, worms were placed in 1 mL alkaline unwinding buffer (AU buffer; 0.5 M NaH 2 PO 4 , 0.5 M Na 2 HPO 4 , 0.1 M EDTA, pH 7.5) after Mn treatment and were made assailable to the alkaline solution by using slight sonication (1 mL AU buffer, 2 × 20 s on lowest setting, 100% amplitude).…”