A fast and reliable 2D-IR spectroscopic technique for herbal leaves classification

Azlah, Muhammad Azfar Firdaus; Chua, Lee Suan; Abdullah, Farah Izana; Yam, Mun Fei

doi:10.1016/j.vibspec.2019.103014

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The peak at 1098 cm –1 is the characteristic peak of the PVA main chain associated with the C–O–C stretching vibration . The CHLE peaks appear at 3408 (O–H stretch), 2928 (aliphatic C–H stretch), 1616 (CC stretch), 1514 (C–H bend), 1383 (O–H bend), 1263 (C–N stretch), and 1074 cm –1 (C–O stretch) . The peak at 2928 cm –1 indicates the aliphatic C–H stretching vibration, which is the characteristic peak of CHLE associated with citronellal .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 35 The CHLE peaks appear at 3408 (O–H stretch), 2928 (aliphatic C–H stretch), 1616 (C=C stretch), 1514 (C–H bend), 1383 (O–H bend), 1263 (C–N stretch), and 1074 cm –1 (C–O stretch). 36 The peak at 2928 cm –1 indicates the aliphatic C–H stretching vibration, which is the characteristic peak of CHLE associated with citronellal. 37 The SA peaks were found at 3441 (O–H stretch), 2928 (C–H stretch), 1614 (O–C–O asymmetric stretch), 1414 (O–C–O symmetric stretch), 1306 (C–C–H deformation), and 1030 cm –1 (C–O stretch).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 The CHLE peaks appear at 3408 (O−H stretch), 2928 (aliphatic C−H stretch), 1616 (C�C stretch), 1514 (C−H bend), 1383 (O−H bend), 1263 (C−N stretch), and 1074 cm −1 (C−O stretch). 36 The peak at 2928 cm −1 indicates the aliphatic C−H stretching vibration, which is the characteristic peak of CHLE associated with citronellal. 37 The SA peaks were found at 3441…”

Section: Sem Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composite Hydrogel of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Loaded by Citrus hystrix Leaf Extract, Chitosan, and Sodium Alginate with In Vitro Antibacterial and Release Test

Kusjuriansah,

Rodhiyah,

Syifa

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Citrus hystrix leaves have been used traditionally as a spice, a traditional medicine for respiratory and digestive disorders, and a remedy for bacterial infections. This study reports on the synthesis of composite hydrogels using the freeze−thaw method with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the building block loaded by C. hystrix leaf extract (CHLE). Additionally, chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA) were also loaded, respectively, to increase the antibacterial activity and to control the extract release of the composite hydrogels. The combinations of the compositions were PVA, PVA/CHLE, PVA/CHLE/CS, PVA/CHLE/SA, and PVA/ CHLE/SA/CS. The internal morphology of the hydrogels shows some changes after the PVA/CHLE hydrogel was loaded by CS, SA, and SA/CS. The analysis of the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the presence of PVA, CHLE, CS, and SA in the composite hydrogels. From the X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization, it was shown that the composite hydrogels maintained their semicrystalline properties with decreasing crystallinity degree after being loaded by CS, SA, and SA/CS, as also supported by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) characterization. The compressive strength of the PVA/CHLE hydrogel decreases after the loading of CS, SA, and SA/CS, so that it becomes more elastic. Despite being loaded in the composite hydrogels, the CHLE retained its antibacterial activity, as evidenced in the in vitro antibacterial test. The loading of CS succeeded in increasing the antibacterial activity of the composite hydrogels, while the loading of SA resulted in the decrease of the antibacterial activity. The release of extract from the composite hydrogels was successfully slowed down after the loading of CS, SA, and SA/CS, resulting in a controlled release following the pseudo-Fickian diffusion. The cytotoxic activity test proved that all hydrogel samples can be used safely on normal cells up to concentrations above 1000 μg/mL.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sem Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composite Hydrogel of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Loaded by Citrus hystrix Leaf Extract, Chitosan, and Sodium Alginate with In Vitro Antibacterial and Release Test

Kusjuriansah,

Rodhiyah,

Syifa

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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“…FTIR spectroscopy operates in the mid-IR region which corresponds to wavenumbers of 4,000–400 cm −1 . Functional groups of HM components can absorb IR photons at specific frequencies (or wavenumbers), resulting in fingerprint spectra that can be used for herbal authentication ( Azlah et al, 2020 ). To assist data interpretation, chemometrics tools, mainly exploratory data analysis and pattern recognition, can be used.…”

Section: Applications Of Fingerprinting Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Fingerprint Analysis for Standardization and Quality Control of Herbal Medicines

2022

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Herbal drugs or herbal medicines (HMs) have a long-standing history as natural remedies for preventing and curing diseases. HMs have garnered greater interest during the past decades due to their broad, synergistic actions on the physiological systems and relatively lower incidence of adverse events, compared to synthetic drugs. However, assuring reproducible quality, efficacy, and safety from herbal drugs remains a challenging task. HMs typically consist of many constituents whose presence and quantity may vary among different sources of materials. Fingerprint analysis has emerged as a very useful technique to assess the quality of herbal drug materials and formulations for establishing standardized herbal products. Rather than using a single or two marker(s), fingerprinting techniques take great consideration of the complexity of herbal drugs by evaluating the whole chemical profile and extracting a common pattern to be set as a criterion for assessing the individual material or formulation. In this review, we described and assessed various fingerprinting techniques reported to date, which are applicable to the standardization and quality control of HMs. We also evaluated the application of multivariate data analysis or chemometrics in assisting the analysis of the complex datasets from the determination of HMs. To ensure that these methods yield reliable results, we reviewed the validation status of the methods and provided perspectives on those. Finally, we concluded by highlighting major accomplishments and presenting a gap analysis between the existing techniques and what is needed to continue moving forward.

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“…80.7%). 44 Lead content was assessed in 100 pharmaceutical dosage forms of Tongkat Ali products in Malaysian market (either registered or unregistered with the Drug Control Authority in Malaysia) using atomic absorption spectroscopy. 45 Eight products possessed 10.64−20.72 ppm of lead and, thus, did not comply with traditional medicines quality requirements in Malaysia.…”

Section: Safety Evaluations On E Longifolia Nutraceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multifaceted Review of Eurycoma longifolia Nutraceutical Bioactives: Production, Extraction, and Analysis in Drugs and Biofluids

et al. 2022

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Eurycoma longifolia Jack (known as Tongkat Ali) is a popular traditional herbal medicine, native to southeast Asia, that is well-known for its aphrodisiac as well as several other effects. Mostly, the root extract of E. longifolia is used as a folk medicine for sexual dysfunction, aging, anxiety, exercise recovery, fever, increased energy, and osteoporosis. These health effects led to the inclusion of E. longifolia in dietary supplements, particularly for bodybuilding purposes. These effects are mediated by a myriad of bioactive compounds belonging to quassinoids, canthin-6-one alkaloids, tirucallane triterpenes, squalene derivatives, and bioactive steroids. Among these phytoconstituents, quassinoids account for a large portion of E. longifolia root phytochemicals. Of these ingredients, eurycomanone, the major quassinoid in E. longifolia extract, accounts to a large extent for its health effects. This review capitalizes on the novel trends toward the production of E. longifolia bioactives using biotechnology and extraction optimization for best yields and recovery. Alongside, novel extraction methods, i.e., green techniques, of E. longifolia bioactives are described. Further, an overview of the different analytical approaches for the quality control assessment of E. longifolia plant material and nutraceuticals is presented alongside studies in body fluids to determine its pharmacokinetics and efficacy level. Such a compilation of analytical methods will help ensure safety and efficacy of that major drug.

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A fast and reliable 2D-IR spectroscopic technique for herbal leaves classification

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Composite Hydrogel of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Loaded by Citrus hystrix Leaf Extract, Chitosan, and Sodium Alginate with In Vitro Antibacterial and Release Test

Composite Hydrogel of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Loaded by Citrus hystrix Leaf Extract, Chitosan, and Sodium Alginate with In Vitro Antibacterial and Release Test

Advances in Fingerprint Analysis for Standardization and Quality Control of Herbal Medicines

A Multifaceted Review of Eurycoma longifolia Nutraceutical Bioactives: Production, Extraction, and Analysis in Drugs and Biofluids

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