The
photothermal Marangoni effect enables direct light-to-work
conversion, which is significant for realizing the self-propulsion
of objects in a noncontact, controllable, and continuous manner. Many
promising applications have been demonstrated in micro- and nanomachines,
light-driven actuators, cargo transport, and gear transmission. Currently,
the related studies about photothermal Marangoni effect-induced self-propulsion,
especially rotational motions, remain focused on developing the novel
photothermal materials, the structural designs, and the controllable
self-propulsion modes. However, extending the related research from
the laboratory practice to practical application remains a challenge.
Herein, we combined the photothermal Marangoni effect-induced self-propulsion
with the triboelectric nanogenerator technology for sunlight intensity
determination. Photothermal black silicon, superhydrophobic copper
foam with drag-reducing property, and triboelectric polytetrafluoroethylene
film were integrated to fabricate a triboelectric nanogenerator. The
photothermal-Marangoni-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (PMD-TENG)
utilizes the photothermal Marangoni effect-induced self-propulsion
to realize the relative motion between the triboelectric layer and
the electrode, converting light into electrical signals, with a peak
value of 2.35 V. The period of the output electrical signal has an
excellent linear relationship with the light intensity. The accessible
electrical signal generation strategy proposed here provides a new
application for the photothermal Marangoni effect, which could further
inspire the practical applications of the self-powered system based
on the photothermal Marangoni effect, such as intelligent farming.