A family of wheat embryo U2 snRNAs

Skuzeski, James M.; Jendrisak, Jerry

doi:10.1007/bf02418765

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The U7 particle, the first low-abundance Sm snRNP to be identified, is required for correct 3' end formation of histone pre-mRNAs (reviewed in ref. Sm snRNPs precipitable by anti-m3G and anti-Sm antibodies are also present in fungi (7-9), plant (10)(11)(12), and parasitic (13) organisms but in much lower abundance than their mammalian counterparts. Furthermore, the number of distinct snRNA species identified in yeast and plant cells [about 20-30 (7, 9)] is much greater than in HeLa cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Additional low-abundance human small nuclear ribonucleoproteins: U11, U12, etc.

Montzka

Steitz²

1988

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

126

116

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Two-dimensional gel fractionation has revealed the existence of a number (:8) of additional species of HeLa cell small RNAs that have 5' trimethylguanosine cap structures and are bound by proteins containing Sm epitopes. Therefore, these low-abundance (103-104 per cell) RNAs belong to the Sm class of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), whose best-known members are the four highly abundant (-10 per cell) particles required for pre-mRNA splicing. The complexity of Sm snRNPs in mammalian cells is thus not greatly different from that previously established for lower eukaryotes. Two of the new RNAs, designated Ull (131 nucleotides) and U12 (150 nucleotides), have been sequenced. The Ull and U12 snRNPs have been characterized further by examining their nuclease sensitivity and their possible interactions with other snRNPs. Potential roles for the low-abundance snRNPs in aspects of pre-mRNA processing are discussed.In mammalian cells there exists a set ofhighly abundant small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) containing U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 RNAs (reviewed in ref. 1). Each of these particles is present in the nucleoplasm at 105-106 copies per cell and contains at least one small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and a set of specific proteins. The snRNAs are very stable, and all except U6 have at their 5' ends a unique 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine (m3G)-cap structure (see Fig. 2). Anti-Sm antibodies from patients with autoimmune disorders recognize a common epitope present in one or more proteins of the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 snRNPs (2). Therefore, snRNPs of the Sm family are defined by their ability to be immunoprecipitated with both anti-Sm antibodies and antibodies directed against the m3G-cap structure.The Sm snRNPs whose functions are known have been assigned roles in RNA processing. The highly abundant U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 particles are essential components of the pre-mRNA splicing machinery (reviewed in refs. 3 and 4). The U7 particle, the first low-abundance Sm snRNP to be identified, is required for correct 3' end formation of histone pre-mRNAs (reviewed in ref. Sm snRNPs precipitable by anti-m3G and anti-Sm antibodies are also present in fungi (7-9), plant (10)(11)(12), and parasitic (13) organisms but in much lower abundance than their mammalian counterparts. Furthermore, the number of distinct snRNA species identified in yeast and plant cells [about 20-30 (7, 9)] is much greater than in HeLa cells. This larger number may represent the actual complexity of snRNAs in all eukaryotic cell nuclei. Indeed, several low-abundance HeLa snRNAs, U7-U11, have already been identified (14-18).Here, we have used two-dimensional gel fractionation techniques to assess the true complexity of HeLa cell Sm snRNPs. We have uncovered the existence of a number of additional low-abundance particles. We present the sequences of the RNA components of two of these and the partial characterization of the snRNPs in which they reside.* MATERIALS AND METHODSPreparation of Labeled RNA. HeLa whole-cell extracts were immunoprecipi...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Additional low-abundance human small nuclear ribonucleoproteins: U11, U12, etc.

Montzka

Steitz²

1988

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

126

116

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“…Since their initial characterisation in mammalian cells, snRNAs have been widely found in plants [15,21,12,13]. Although their secondary structures appear to be conserved, signifying phylogenetically conserved functions, their sizes and nucleotide sequences vary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The U6 small nuclear RNA gene family of potato

Guérineau¹,

Waugh²

1993

Plant Mol Biol

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Using the inverse polymerase chain reaction (IPCR), 19 U6snRNA gene promoters were isolated from the potato genome. Analysis of their nucleotide sequences revealed the existence of two subfamilies. Promoters from class 1 harbour the typical sequence elements required for plant snRNA gene transcription whereas those from class 2 do not have a TATA box. Three promoters were fused to a modified U6snRNA-coding sequence to allow their activity to be monitored in tobacco protoplasts. Two of the promoters, one from either class, were found to be active. Comparison of potato U6snRNA gene promoter sequences with those found in other plant species showed various degrees of homology. In addition, the entire nucleotide sequences of seven potato U6snRNA genes and one pseudogene were determined. The overall frequency of nucleotide changes after PCR was found to be 1.15 x 10(-3). The mutations appeared to be clustered in a distinct area and were all A-to-G/T-to-C substitutions.

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“…U1 and U2 snRNAs have been identified in several plant species (10-12). U1 and U2 snRNAs in both plants and animals have a trimethylguanosine cap at their 5' termini (10,11,13 To determine whether U1 snRNP might be involved in pre-mRNA splicing in plants, we isolated a U1 snRNA gene from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and determined its nucleotide sequence.t The sequences known to be essential for human U1 snRNA function are identical in bean and animal U1 snRNAs. In addition, other segments of U1 snRNA have been highly conserved between plants and animals, suggesting that they are also important for U1 snRNA function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 5' end of U1 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) in U1 snRNP binds to the 5' splice site region, and U2 snRNP binds to the "branch site" region in the intervening sequence, where the 5' end of the intervening sequence becomes covalently attached during the splicing process. U1 and U2 snRNAs have been identified in several plant species (10)(11)(12). U1 and U2 snRNAs in both plants and animals have a trimethylguanosine cap at their 5' termini (10,11,13 Mapping of Ul snRNA 5' and 3' Termini.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…U1 and U2 snRNAs have been identified in several plant species (10)(11)(12). U1 and U2 snRNAs in both plants and animals have a trimethylguanosine cap at their 5' termini (10,11,13 Mapping of Ul snRNA 5' and 3' Termini. S1 nuclease analyses were performed as described (16) using total P. vulgaris RNA and 5'-end-labeled 700-nucleotide (nt) Rsa I/EcoO 109 or 3'-end-labeled 260-nt BstNI/EcoRI fragments from pPhvUl as probes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nucleotide sequence of a bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) U1 small nuclear RNA gene: implications for plant pre-mRNA splicing.

Santen

Spritz²

1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We have isolated a Ul small nuclear RNA (snRNA) gene from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The haploid bean genome contains only one or a few copies of the Ul snRNA gene. The bean and human Ul snRNA genes are 65% homologous but share no significant similarity in the 5' or 3' flanking regions. The predicted secondary structure of bean Ul snRNA is identical to that of other Ul snRNAs, and the sequences of the single-stranded regions have been highly conserved. Thus, both the sequence of the single-stranded regions and the secondary structure of U1 snRNA appear to be important for its function. The role of Ul snRNA in pre-mRNA splicing is probably similar in plants and animals.Most higher eukaryotic protein-encoding genes are interrupted by intervening sequences that are excised from primary transcripts (pre-mRNAs) by RNA splicing. There has been much recent progress toward understanding the mechanism by which animal pre-mRNAs are spliced (reviewed in refs. 1-3); however, little is known about the mechanism of pre-mRNA splicing in higher plants. The nucleotide sequences surrounding 5' and 3' splice sites are quite similar in plant and animal genes (4, 5). In fact, plant pre-mRNAs can be spliced in animal cells and in human nuclear extracts (6-8). However, plant cells appear to be unable to splice human pre-mRNAs (8, 9) and no specific features of the mechanism of pre-mRNA splicing in plants have yet been elucidated.At least four small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes (snRNPs), U1 snRNP, U2 snRNP, U5 snRNP, and U4/U6 snRNP, are involved in animal pre-mRNA splicing (reviewed in refs. 1-3). The 5' end of U1 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) in U1 snRNP binds to the 5' splice site region, and U2 snRNP binds to the "branch site" region in the intervening sequence, where the 5' end of the intervening sequence becomes covalently attached during the splicing process. U1 and U2 snRNAs have been identified in several plant species (10-12). U1 and U2 snRNAs in both plants and animals have a trimethylguanosine cap at their 5' termini (10,11,13 To determine whether U1 snRNP might be involved in pre-mRNA splicing in plants, we isolated a U1 snRNA gene from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and determined its nucleotide sequence.t The sequences known to be essential for human U1 snRNA function are identical in bean and animal U1 snRNAs. In addition, other segments of U1 snRNA have been highly conserved between plants and animals, suggesting that they are also important for U1 snRNA function. Furthermore, the predicted secondary structures of bean and animal U1 snRNAs are identical. These data strongly suggest that U1 snRNA plays a similar role in pre-mRNA splicing in plants and animals. MATERIALS AND METHODSMolecular Cloning. A P. vulgaris recombinant library was screened by hybridization to a 0.6-kilobase (kb) HindIII fragment containing the human U1 snRNA gene (14) in 6x SSC (1x SSC = 0.15 M NaCl/0.015 M trisodium citrate, pH 7-8) at 68TC without carrier DNA. Filters were washed sequentially with 3x SSC at 37TC and 0.1x SSC ...

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A family of wheat embryo U2 snRNAs

Cited by 15 publications

References 54 publications

Additional low-abundance human small nuclear ribonucleoproteins: U11, U12, etc.

Additional low-abundance human small nuclear ribonucleoproteins: U11, U12, etc.

The U6 small nuclear RNA gene family of potato

Nucleotide sequence of a bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) U1 small nuclear RNA gene: implications for plant pre-mRNA splicing.

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