A Family Focused Intervention Influences Hippocampal‐Prefrontal Connectivity Through Gains in Self‐Regulation

Hanson, Jamie L.; Gillmore, Alysha D.; Yu, Tianyi; Holmes, Christopher J.; Hallowell, Emily S.; Barton, Allen W.; Beach, Steven R. H.; Galván, Adrianna; MacKillop, James; Windle, Michael; Chen, Eric; Miller, Gregory E.; Sweet, Lawrence H.; Brody, Gene H.

doi:10.1111/cdev.13154

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…For any regions above this threshold, mean functional connectivity estimates were then extracted by averaging across every voxel in each regional cluster. These procedures are in keeping with other past reports from our group (e.g., Hanson et al, 2019).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 88%

Resting state coupling between the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex is related to household income in childhood and indexes future psychological vulnerability to stress

et al. 2019

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While child poverty is a significant risk factor for poor mental health, the developmental pathways involved with these associations are poorly understood. To advance knowledge about these important linkages, the present study examined the developmental sequelae of childhood exposure to poverty in a multiyear longitudinal study. Here, we focused on exposure to poverty, neurobiological circuitry connected to emotion dysregulation, later exposure to stressful life events, and symptoms of psychopathology. We grounded our work in a biopsychosocial perspective, with a specific interest in “stress sensitization” and emotion dysregulation. Motivated by past work, we first tested whether exposure to poverty was related to changes in the resting-state coupling between two brain structures centrally involved with emotion processing and regulation (the amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex; vmPFC). As predicted, we found lower household income at age 10 was related to lower resting-state coupling between these areas at age 15. We then tested if variations in amygdala–vmPFC connectivity interacted with more contemporaneous stressors to predict challenges with mental health at age 16. In line with past reports showing risk for poor mental health is greatest in those exposed to early and then later, more contemporaneous stress, we predicted and found that lower vmPFC–amygdala coupling in the context of greater contemporaneous stress was related to higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. We believe these important interactions between neurobiology and life history are an additional vantage point for understanding risk and resiliency, and suggest avenues for prediction of psychopathology related to early life challenge.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 88%

Resting state coupling between the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex is related to household income in childhood and indexes future psychological vulnerability to stress

et al. 2019

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“…Critically, the family context during adolescence not only protects mental health concurrently -perhaps partially by diminishing sensitivity to other adversities (101) -but into adulthood as well. Indeed, one study found that a family-based parenting intervention in early adolescence was associated with improved self-regulation (and consequently, vmPFChippocampal functional coupling) at age 25 (102).…”

Section: Contextual Factors Affecting Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological Markers of Resilience to Early-Life Adversity During Adolescence

Leal

Silvers

2021

Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging

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Early life adversity (ELA) exposure (including trauma, abuse, neglect or institutional care) is a precursor to poor physical and mental health outcomes, and is implicated in 30% of adult mental illness. In recent decades, ELA research has increasingly focused on characterizing factors that confer resilience to ELA, and on identifying opportunities for intervention. In this review, we describe recent behavioral and neurobiological resilience work that suggests adolescence (a period marked by heightened plasticity, development of key neurobiological circuitry, and sensitivity to the social environment) may be a particularly opportune moment for ELA intervention. We review intrapersonal factors associated with resilience that become increasingly important during adolescence (specifically, reward processing, affective learning, and self-regulation), and describe the contextual factors (family, peers, and broader social environment) that modulate them. Additionally, we describe how the onset of puberty interacts with each of these factors, and explore recent findings that point to possible "pubertal recalibration" of ELA exposure as an opportunity for intervention. Lastly, we conclude by describing considerations and future directions for resilience research in adolescents, with a focus on understanding developmental trajectories using dimensional, holistic models of resilience.

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“…T here is robust evidence that early experiences of poverty and other forms of early adversity experienced prenatally (1)(2)(3) and/or postnatally (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) contribute to an increased risk for poor developmental outcomes, including mental health problems in childhood and adulthood. The overwhelming evidence of such associations has encouraged efforts aimed at early intervention and prevention (11,13). However, the success of such efforts is contingent upon a better understanding of the mechanisms linking early poverty to poor developmental outcomes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone and hippocampal trajectories mediate relationship of poverty to emotion dysregulation and depression

Deanna

Shirtcliff

Elsayed

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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There is robust evidence that early poverty is associated with poor developmental outcomes, including impaired emotion regulation and depression. However, the specific mechanisms that mediate this risk are less clear. Here we test the hypothesis that one pathway involves hormone mechanisms (testosterone and DHEA) that contribute to disruption of hippocampal brain development, which in turn contributes to perturbed emotion regulation and subsequent risk for depression. To do so, we used data from 167 children participating in the Preschool Depression Study, a longitudinal study that followed children from preschool (ages 3 to 5 y) to late adolescence, and which includes prospective assessments of poverty in preschool, measures of testosterone, DHEA, and hippocampal volume across school age and adolescence, and measures of emotion regulation and depression in adolescence. Using multilevel modeling and linear regression, we found that early poverty predicted shallower increases of testosterone, but not DHEA, across development, which in turn predicted shallower trajectories of hippocampal development. Further, we found that early poverty predicted both impaired emotion regulation and depression. The relationship between early poverty and self-reported depression in adolescence was explained by serial mediation through testosterone to hippocampus to emotion dysregulation. There were no significant interactions with sex. These results provide evidence about a hormonal pathway by which early poverty may contribute to disrupted brain development and risk for mental health problems later in life. Identification of such pathways provide evidence for potential points of intervention that might help mitigate the impact of early adversity on brain development.

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A Family Focused Intervention Influences Hippocampal‐Prefrontal Connectivity Through Gains in Self‐Regulation

Cited by 28 publications

References 70 publications

Resting state coupling between the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex is related to household income in childhood and indexes future psychological vulnerability to stress

Resting state coupling between the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex is related to household income in childhood and indexes future psychological vulnerability to stress

Neurobiological Markers of Resilience to Early-Life Adversity During Adolescence

Testosterone and hippocampal trajectories mediate relationship of poverty to emotion dysregulation and depression

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