A família Cactaceae no Parque Nacional de Boa Nova, Estado da Bahia, Brasil

Abstract

RESUMO A família Cactaceae inclui 1.850 espécies distribuídas primariamente no continente americano, sendo o Brasil o terceiro maior centro de diversidade da família, com 277 espécies. Neste último centro de diversidade, o Parque Nacional de Boa Nova (PNBN), localizado no leste do Estado da Bahia, Brasil, possui uma área com cerca de 12.065 ha, incluindo um ecótono sentido leste-oeste, com áreas de Mata Atlântica sendo substituídas por mata-de-cipó e, mais a oeste, pela Caatinga. Como parte da proposta do Plano de Ação Nacional para conservação das Cactáceas de 2011, este trabalho apresenta o estudo taxonômico de Cactaceae ocorrentes no PNBN, e tem como objetivo ampliar o conhecimento da flora local e das Unidades de Conservação do Estado da Bahia. O material foi coletado em quatro expedições de coleta durante um ano, em trilhas aleatórias percorrendo os diversos ambientes do parque. Foram registrados 10 gêneros e 15 espécies: Arrojadoa penicillata, Brasilicereus phaeacanthus, Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis, Cereus jamacaru, Cereus sp., Melocactus ernestii, Pereskia aculeata, P. bahiensis, Pilosocereus catingicola, P. pentaedrophorussubsp.robustus, Rhipsalis hileiabaiana, R. russellii, Stephanocereus leucostele, Tacinga funalis eT. werneri. No âmbito do PNBN, as vegetações de mata-de-cipó e Caatinga foram as que apresentaram o maior número de espécies, com oito e cinco espécies, respectivamente, enquanto a Mata Atlântica apresentou uma única espécie.

Cactus Endophytic Fungi and Bioprospecting for their Enzymes and Bioactive Molecules: A Systematic Review

“…Considering that the family Cactaceae includes about 100 genera and 1,850 species, [15] it seems that only 1.45 % of the species and 11 % of the known genera have been analyzed in relation to the composition of endophytic fungi. In Brazil, only 2.5 % of the known cactus species have been studied.…”

“…[18] In an analysis of the composition of the mycobiome of Vitis vinifera, the authors found that high-throughput sequencing returned 853 OTUs, while culture-dependent methods yielded only 353 isolates representing 44 strains. [48] Considering that the family Cactaceae includes about 100 genera and 1,850 species, [15] it seems that only 1.45 % of the species and 11 % of the known genera have been analyzed in relation to the composition of endophytic fungi. In Brazil, only 2.5 % of the known cactus species have been studied.…”

“…In traditional communities, cacti are widely used for medicinal purposes such as treating diabetes, cholesterol, intestinal parasites, epilepsy, kidney function and improving digestion. They are also used in human and animal nutrition (e. g. cakes, salads, sweets, juices, and ruminant feed), construction (e. g. high fences, doors, windows, and boards), ornamentation, and even mystical uses (e. g. amulets and protection) [14–16] . In addition to their ethnobiological use, cacti are rich in vitamins, minerals, amino acids and have a high carbon and nitrogen content, making them efficient hosts for endophytes [6,17] …”

“…They are also used in human and animal nutrition (e. g. cakes, salads, sweets, juices, and ruminant feed), construction (e. g. high fences, doors, windows, and boards), ornamentation, and even mystical uses (e. g. amulets and protection). [14][15][16] In addition to their ethnobiological use, cacti are rich in vitamins, minerals, amino acids and have a high carbon and nitrogen content, making them efficient hosts for endophytes. [6,17] Endophytic fungi are a group of polyphyletic organisms that can colonise plant tissues (e. g. stems, flowers, leaves, fruits, roots) for part or all of their life cycle without causing apparent damage to their hosts.…”