A Factor Toxic to Seedlings of the Same Species Associated with Living Roots of the Non-Gregarious Subtropical Rain Forest Tree Grevillea robusta

Webb, L. J.; Tracey, J. G.; Haydock, KP

doi:10.2307/2401406

Cited by 69 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This has been reported for coastal sand dunes during primary succession (Van der Putten et al 1993), secondary succession and temperate grasslands (Bever 1994, Klironomos 2002, Bonanomi et al 2005b, and temperate (Streng et al 1989, Packer andClay 2000) and tropical forests (Webb et al 1967, Kiers et al 2000. In a literature survey, reported as Appendix to this paper, we found 138 experimental cases of plant-soil negative feedback on terrestrial ecosystems, but none for flowering plants and algae in marine and freshwater environments Appendix 1).…”

Section: Plant-soil Negative Feedbacksupporting

confidence: 58%

“…2005, the build-up of soilborne pathogen populations (De Rooij-van Der Goes 1995, Packer andClay 2000), the changing composition of soil microbial communities (Bever 1994, Klironomos 2002, Kardol et al 2007, and the release of phytotoxic compounds during organic matter decomposition (Webb et al 1967, Singh et al 1999, Armstrong and Armstrong 2001. In our review (Appendix 1), 31.9% of the cases of negative feedback were ascribed to litter autotoxicity.…”

Section: Plant-soil Negative Feedbackmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Is plant biodiversity driven by decomposition processes? An emerging new theory on plant diversity

Mazzoleni¹,

Bonanomi²,

Giannino³

et al. 2007

Community Ecology

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Abstract. Diversity of forest trees ranges from monospecific stands to the astonishing richness of tierra firma tropical forests. Such patterns are observed along gradients of latitude, altitude, soil fertility and rainfall. So far, the proposed coexisting mechanisms do not provide a comprehensive and unequivocal explanation of these patterns at the community level. We propose a new theory linking species diversity with organic matter cycle and negative plant-soil feedback induced by litter autotoxicity. This approach focuses on resource-waste rather than resource-only dynamics. High diversity does occur where litter decomposition is rapid and ecosystem nutrient cycles are closed. On the other hand, single species dominance is found where litter decomposition is slow and/or autotoxicity is removed from the nutrient cycle pathway. Unlike previous theoretical views, the one we present proves potentially capable of explaining differences in species diversity both along environmental gradients and within the tropics.

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Section: Plant-soil Negative Feedbacksupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Plant-soil Negative Feedbackmentioning

confidence: 76%

Is plant biodiversity driven by decomposition processes? An emerging new theory on plant diversity

Mazzoleni¹,

Bonanomi²,

Giannino³

et al. 2007

Community Ecology

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“…Such an explanation probably does not apply in our case, because applications of mineral solution did not have promoting effects. Alternatively, we suggest that AC may neutralize an autotoxic factor(s) released in the root exudates (Webb et al, 1967;Singh et al, 1999;Perry et al, 2005), or may act as a cue for germination and seedling growth, as reported for charred wood and smoke (Keeley & Fotheringham, 1998). Further, although indirect, support for the phytotoxic hypothesis derives from the response of seedling shoot : root ratios to litter addition.…”

Section: Researchsupporting

confidence: 52%

Phytotoxicity, not nitrogen immobilization, explains plant litter inhibitory effects: evidence from solid‐state ¹³C NMR spectroscopy

et al. 2011

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Summary• Litter decomposition provides nutrients that sustain ecosystem productivity, but litter may also hamper root proliferation. The objectives of this work were to assess the inhibitory effect of litter decomposition on seedling growth and root proliferation; to study the role of nutrient immobilization and phytotoxicity; and to characterize decomposing litter by 13 C NMR spectroscopy.• A litter-bag experiment was carried out for 180 d with 16 litter types. Litter inhibitory effects were assessed by two bioassays: seed germination and root proliferation bioassays. Activated carbon (C) and nutrient solutions were used to evaluate the effects of phytotoxic factors and nutrient immobilization.• An inhibitory effect was found for all species in the early phase of decomposition, followed by a decrease over time. The addition of activated C to litter removed this inhibition. No evidence of nutrient immobilization was found in the analysis of nitrogen dynamics. NMR revealed consistent chemical changes during decomposition, with a decrease in O-alkyl and an increase in alkyl and methoxyl C.• Significant correlations were found among inhibitory effects, the litter decay rate and indices derived from NMR. The results show that it is possible to predict litter inhibitory effects across a range of litter types on the basis of their chemical composition.

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“…Therefore, the large and nutrient-rich litter biomass of E. angustifolius could improve nutrient cycling and availability in a mixture compared to a monoculture of G. robusta. There is evidence that G. robusta does not grow in monoculture, and inhibited nutrient cycling, as well as release of allelopathic compounds, could be contributing factors (Webb et al 1967). An alternative view is that litter input does not impact greatly on nutrient cycling and availability in soils, but that fineroot turnover, soil microbial activity, and a plant's ability to compete with microbes for nutrients are more important (Knops et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary resource use by tree species in a rain forest tree plantation

Richards

Schmidt

2010

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. Mixed-species tree plantations, composed of high-value native rain forest timbers, are potential forestry systems for the subtropics and tropics that can provide ecological and production benefits. Choices of rain forest tree species for mixtures are generally based on the concept that assemblages of fast-growing and light-demanding species are less productive than assemblages of species with different shade tolerances. We examined the hypothesis that mixtures of two fast-growing species compete for resources, while mixtures of shade-tolerant and shade-intolerant species are complementary. Ecophysiological characteristics of young trees were determined and analyzed with a physiology-based canopy model (MAESTRA) to test species interactions. Contrary to predictions, there was evidence for complementary interactions between two fast-growing species with respect to nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency, and nutrient cycling. Fast-growing Elaeocarpus angustifolius had maximum demand for soil nutrients in summer, the most efficient internal recycling of N, and low P use efficiency at the leaf and whole-plant level and produced a large amount of nutrient-rich litter. In contrast, fast-growing Grevillea robusta had maximum demand for soil nutrients in spring and highest leaf nutrient use efficiency for N and P and produced lownutrient litter. Thus, mixtures of fast-growing G. robusta and E. angustifolius or G. robusta and slow-growing, shade-tolerant Castanospermum australe may have similar or even greater productivity than monocultures, as light requirement is just one of several factors affecting performance of mixed-species plantations. We conclude that the knowledge gained here will be useful for designing large-scale experimental mixtures and commercial forestry systems in subtropical Australia and elsewhere.

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A Factor Toxic to Seedlings of the Same Species Associated with Living Roots of the Non-Gregarious Subtropical Rain Forest Tree Grevillea robusta

Cited by 69 publications

References 15 publications

Is plant biodiversity driven by decomposition processes? An emerging new theory on plant diversity

Is plant biodiversity driven by decomposition processes? An emerging new theory on plant diversity

Phytotoxicity, not nitrogen immobilization, explains plant litter inhibitory effects: evidence from solid‐state ¹³C NMR spectroscopy

Complementary resource use by tree species in a rain forest tree plantation

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A Factor Toxic to Seedlings of the Same Species Associated with Living Roots of the Non-Gregarious Subtropical Rain Forest Tree Grevillea robusta

Cited by 69 publications

References 15 publications

Is plant biodiversity driven by decomposition processes? An emerging new theory on plant diversity

Is plant biodiversity driven by decomposition processes? An emerging new theory on plant diversity

Phytotoxicity, not nitrogen immobilization, explains plant litter inhibitory effects: evidence from solid‐state 13C NMR spectroscopy

Complementary resource use by tree species in a rain forest tree plantation

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Phytotoxicity, not nitrogen immobilization, explains plant litter inhibitory effects: evidence from solid‐state ¹³C NMR spectroscopy