A factor analytic examination of women's and men's friendship preferences

The point of nipple erection 5: Perception of female nipple erection by a Western European sample.

“…To be clear, Burch and Widman (2021, 2022a, 2022b) discuss how women avoid other women who are sexualized or objectified, and as this sample showed little to no signs of objectification, that could account for these findings. However, this difference might suggest cultural differences in friendship formation and would be ripe for further investigation within that area (Ayers et al, 2023; Krems and Conroy-Beam, 2020). Additionally, Burch and Widman have repeatedly suggested that studies should be conducted using stimulus women who are not “conventionally” attractive (according to their U.S. studies) as all of their stimulus photos were of younger, thinner, more attractive women.…”

A secret language of aggression: disgust expressions are treated as cues of impending social exclusion among women

“…We (1) identify a tactic of social exclusion considered much more common among girls and women: facial expressions of disgust directed toward targets the expresser intends to exclude (Brown and Gilligan, 1993;Owens et al, 2000;Underwood et al, 2004). Intrasexual social exclusion itself is arguably more common among girls and women than boys and men (Feshbach, 1969;Feshbach and Sones, 1971;Baker, 1994;Campbell, 2002;Underwood, 2003;Underwood et al, 2004;Benenson et al, 2008aBenenson et al, ,b,c, 2011Benenson et al, , 2013Benenson, 2013Benenson, , 2014Krems et al, 2015;Arnocky, 2016;Williams et al, 2016Williams et al, , 2022Ayers et al, 2023). There also seem to be sex/gender differences in the preferred tactics to facilitate such intrasexual exclusion (Underwood et al, 2004;Benenson, 2013).…”

How do you build the perfect friend? Evidence from two forced-choice decision-making experiments

“…Previous research also suggests that the preferences we have for specific traits in friends can form the basis for the expectations that we have of our friends' behavior in our friendships (Argyle et al, 1986;Argyle & Henderson, 1984;Ayers et al, 2023b;Felmlee et al, 2012;Felmlee & Muraco, 2009;Hall, 2011Hall, , 2012Hall, , 2018. A limitation of this research is that these preferences for traits in friends are often treated as orthogonal preferences, for which potential friends may possess any or all of these traits (for exceptions to this, see (Cottrell et al, 2007;Krems & Conroy-Beam, 2020;Williams et al, 2022), and are often referred to by different names such as traits, preferences, characteristics without acknowledging the underlying similarities in these constructs.…”

“…Although friendships would have been universally beneficial across evolutionary time for all who were able to maintain them, there are some uncertainties regarding the sex differences in preferences for traits in friends (Ayers et al, 2023a;Ein-Dor et al, 2015;Hall, 2011;Pham et al, 2014;Vigil, 2007;Williams et al, 2022). For example, previous research has indicated that women may prioritize friendships that are more emotionally close than men do (Benenson et al, 1997;David-Barrett et al, 2015;Kon et al, 1978;Wright, 1982) and that this leads women's friendships to be less tolerant of potential disruptions to the closeness and prioritization of these relationships (Benenson, 2014;Benenson et al, 2009;Benenson & Christakos, 2003;Reynolds, 2021).…”

“…By prioritizing friendships with such high-quality friends, individuals would be able to mitigate potential trade-offs between pursuing affiliation and pursuing other fundamental goals, as time spent affiliating could help indirectly achieve these other goals (attracting potential mates, caring for family members, etc.). Previous research suggests that humans have preferences for friends who have beneficial traits, such as preferring to have friends who are cooperative, trustworthy, generous, and similar to us (Ayers et al, 2023b;Cottrell et al, 2007;A. B. Eisenbruch et al, 2019;A.…”