A Facile Surface Passivation Method to Stabilized Lithium Metal Anodes Facilitate the Practical Application of Quasi‐Solid‐State Batteries

Abstract

Lithium metal anode matching solid electrolyte is an effective way to achieve high safety and high specific energy batteries, while the active interface of lithium metal has become a bottleneck problem that limits its application. Here, the challenges by forming an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (F‐, B‐containing) on lithium metal surface are surmounted. It demonstrates an extended cycling life over 2000 h of continuous plating/stripping at a high current density of 1.5 mA cm−2. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra prove the effectiveness of anion receptors for decoupling Li+‐F−. The distribution and morphological features of the LiF/B artificial hybrid interphase can be observed from energy‐dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Specifically, the treated metal lithium anode is also stable in the quasi‐solid‐state pouch cell (polyvinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoro propylene‐LLZTO) system, which can make the rotor of the small aircraft rotate quickly and stably for 9.2 min.

Progress and Perspectives on the Development of Pouch‐Type Lithium Metal Batteries

“…[139] Yang et al reported NCM622 j Li pouch cells with a modified tri-layer membrane for suppressing Li dendrite growth, which demonstrated the stable cycling for 100 cycles with a high specific capacity of NCM622 of up to 159 mAh g À 1 . [140] The utilization of liquid-containing quasi-solid-state electrolytes [127,[143][144][145][146] and gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) [147][148][149][150][151] is a compromised solution to SSLMBs, which substantially avoids interfacial contact issues and enables fast charge transfer. Zhou et al reported NCM811 j Li pouch cells using a metal-organic framework (MOF)-based quasisolid-state electrolyte, [127] which could deliver high and stable cycling performance even at very harsh conditions (171 mAh g À 1 for 300 cycles and 89 % capacity retention at a high temperature of 90 °C; retained capacity of 164 mAh g À 1 after 100 cycles after cutting).…”

Halide Solid‐State Electrolytes: Stability and Application for High Voltage All‐Solid‐State Li Batteries

“…If the interface between the Li anode and the solid electrolyte can be stabilized, further reactions can be inhibited. [ 171,172 ] The reaction, on the other hand, could be continuous, leading to an increase in interfacial resistance and a higher overpotential.…”

Working Principles of Lithium Metal Anode in Pouch Cells

“…Recently, extensive strategies have been exploited to control the dendrite growth of Li metal anodes, including engineering electrolytes and additives, [ 16 ] designing 3D host structures, [ 17–19 ] constructing artificial SEI, [ 20,21 ] applying solid‐state electrolyte (SSE), [ 22–24 ] and adjusting operation conditions. [ 25 ] A high Coulombic efficiency (>99.9%) and long lifespan (>1000 cycles) have been reported in the materials‐level coin cells.…”

“…[10,11] Specifically, Li dendrite growth and infinite volume variation lead to unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Li metal anodes, resulting in low Li utilization, capacity decline, and even safety risk, [12] severely hindering the practical applications of LMBs. [13][14][15] Recently, extensive strategies have been exploited to control the dendrite growth of Li metal anodes, including engineering electrolytes and additives, [16] designing 3D host structures, [17][18][19] constructing artificial SEI, [20,21] applying solid-state electrolyte (SSE), [22][23][24] and adjusting operation conditions. [25] A high Coulombic efficiency (>99.9%) and long lifespan (>1000 cycles) have been reported in the materials-level coin cells.…”