“…[17][18][19][20][21][22] In the current studies, researchers have diverted their attention from improving the superwettability of the material surface to functionalizing it. [23][24][25][26][27][28] Among the traditional superwetting materials, underwater superoleophobic surfaces exhibit excellent anti-oil property with broad potential applications, such as anti-oil fouling coatings, 29,30 anti-biofouling coatings, 31,32 oil/water separation, [33][34][35][36][37] oil droplet manipulation, 38,39 and anti-blocking. 40,41 However, artificially fabricated underwater superoleophobic materials also have some disadvantages, including a complicated preparation process, poor mechanical and chemical stabilities, high costs, a single function, and environmental pollution, that limit their practical applications.…”