A facile one step conversion of the sub-micrometer to uniform nanopowder in tetragonal BaTiO3 via a surface active etching salt

Charoonsuk, Thitirat; Vittayakorn, Naratip

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2016.07.137

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…The average particle size for all samples is reported in Table . Based on the proposed mechanism from our previous work, the results are discussed briefly relating to that report. Salt flux dissolution method is started by precursor particles being dissolved on the whole surface area via action of the NaCl + KCl salt flux, until achieving the optimum or specific size of nanoproduct particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Once the particle surface is attacked, the dissolution process starts. The plausible mechanism model was discussed in detail in previous work of these authors, as reported elsewhere . When the dissolution process occurred, several positions on the precursor's surface were dissolved by salt‐flux to form as precursor ions (Ba 2+ and Zr 4+ ) in molten NaCl + KCl salt.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary (original) and secondary particles could agglomerate, fuse and grow using the oriented attachment (OA) mechanism, which involves spontaneous self‐organization of contact particles by sharing a common crystallographic orientation. The adjacent particles join together and generally become bigger with irregular morphology . At this stage, the Ba:Zr stoichiometric ratio deviates from the original stoichiometry of the µm‐precursor particle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was due to lower solubility of Zr 4+ , with Ba 2+ being taken up into the dissolved particles after Zr 4+ nucleation . More details on the nucleation and growth mechanism could be explored in our previous work …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Etched out metals, metal sulfides, and magnetic nanoparticles formed as clusters, resulting in precursor size reduction . These authors previously published the way of obtaining a uniform BaTiO 3 nanoscale particles from microscale conversion using NaCl salt . A variation in time and temperature provides great thermodynamical control over particle morphology, size, and size distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The modification of surface, size and shape of barium zirconate powder via salt flux

2019

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The “top‐down” process via direct conversion of the micro (μm)‐to‐submicroscale (sub‐μm) particle was applied in this work by using eutectic chloride salts to prepare BaZrO3. The particle size at optimum condition could be decreased by more than 10 times from 2.1 ± 0.9 μm to 168 ± 23 nm without destroying the 1:1 of Ba:Zr stoichiometry. The uniform sub‐μm‐BaZrO3 powder was sintered in order to obtain ~98% dense ceramic at 1400°C/10 h, which is significantly lower than the 1650°C in normal cases. The microwave dielectric constant, tan δ, and quality factor were also determined. Furthermore, this method also was applied to lead‐free piezoelectric material in the 0.87BaTiO3–0.13BaZrO3–CaTiO3 (0.87BT–0.13BZ–CT) system. The particle size of 0.87BT–0.13BZ–CT was reduced greatly from >10 µm to 2.8 ± 0.4 µm. It can be proved that salt flux dissolution method enables high‐purity with uniform sub‐micro/nanometer powder production in one step by using simple laboratory equipment and low‐cost raw materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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